City of Mackinac Island Mackinac County, Michigan Master Plan 2018 Adopted October 9, 2018 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Purpose and Planning Process ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Location and Regional Context ..................................................................................................................................... 2 History and Significance .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Government/Community Organization ..................................................................................................................... 9 Status of Planning and Zoning for the City of Mackinac Island ............................................................................ 9 Chapter 2: Demographic and Economic Profile .......................................................................... 10 Year-round Population Trends .................................................................................................................................... 10 Seasonal and Tourist Population ................................................................................................................................ 11 Age Distribution and Racial Composition ................................................................................................................ 14 Households and Disability Status ............................................................................................................................... 15 Income, Education and Employment ........................................................................................................................ 17 Total Housing Stock and Housing Structure Types ............................................................................................... 19 Housing Occupancy Characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 20 Housing Values and Rent .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Age of Housing Units ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 3: Natural Resources .................................................................................................... 25 Climate ............................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Geology ............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Topography ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Soils ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Water Resources .............................................................................................................................................................. 31 Wetlands ............................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Woodlands and Flora ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 Wildlife and Fish .............................................................................................................................................................. 33 Sites of Environmental Contamination and Concerns .......................................................................................... 34 Surface Water Discharge Permits................................................................................................................................ 35 Air Quality ......................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 4: Existing Land Use ..................................................................................................... 37 Patterns of Land Ownership......................................................................................................................................... 37 Existing Land Use Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Chapter 5: Community Services, Facilities, and Transportation ................................................. 49 Water Distribution and Sewage Collection .............................................................................................................. 49 Water System ................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Wastewater ....................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Stormwater ....................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Solid Waste ....................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Other Utilities ................................................................................................................................................................... 52 Police, Fire, and Emergency Medical Services ......................................................................................................... 53 City of Mackinac Island Master Plan Adopted October 9, 2018 i School................................................................................................................................................................................. 54 Recreation ......................................................................................................................................................................... 54 Municipal, State, and Federal Facilities ..................................................................................................................... 56 Civic Organizations and Churches .............................................................................................................................. 57 Transportation ................................................................................................................................................................. 58 Road/Trail Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................ 59 Airport ................................................................................................................................................................................ 60 Chapter 6: Community Goals and Policies ................................................................................. 62 Public Input....................................................................................................................................................................... 62 Foundational Planning Principles............................................................................................................................... 73 Goals and Policies Introduced ..................................................................................................................................... 75 Planning and Community Development ................................................................................................................. 75 History and Culture ......................................................................................................................................................... 76 Housing.............................................................................................................................................................................. 77 Natural Environment, Public Lands and Recreation .............................................................................................. 78 Transportation ................................................................................................................................................................. 80 Infrastructure and Public Services .............................................................................................................................. 81 Chapter 7: Future Land Use ....................................................................................................... 83 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................