A Phonetic Description of the Kawaiisu Language Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Thomas, Patrick Neal Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 08:53:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631364 1 A PHONETIC DESCRIPTION OF THE KAWAIISU LANGUAGE by Patrick N. Thomas __________________________ Copyright © Patrick N. Thomas 2018 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2018 2 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Patrick N. Thomas 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, my deepest gratitude goes to my wife, Megan Thomas, who has provided nothing but support over the last several years during my time as a graduate student at the University of Arizona. Megan, as well as our children (Claudia, Klaus, and Liam) have made the whole graduate experience much more bearable. Finishing a doctoral degree is a monumental task. It may be rewarding in the end, but it can also be stressful, frustrating, and overwhelming. It’s only due to the love and support provided to me by my family that I’ve been able to make it through graduate school with both a Ph.D. and my sanity. I’d also like to thank my parents for encouraging me from an early age to be inquisitive about the world around me, and to always learn new things. Without this kind of encouragement and support, I probably never would have decided to go to college in the first place, let alone attempt to earn an advanced degree! Special recognition goes to my father, Michael Thomas. Unfortunately, he passed away before my completion of the doctoral degree, but if it weren’t for all those trips to the library as a young kid, I’d probably be doing something completely different with my life now. Although my graduate degrees come from the University of Arizona, I am indebted to my professors and other mentors from my undergraduate institution, the University of Oklahoma: Dr. Dylan Herrick, and Dr. Marcia Haag, who provided me with the inspiration to become a linguist, and taught me the foundational skills necessary to succeed (or at least not drown completely!) in a linguistics Ph.D. program. I am also grateful to Sophia Morren, the director of the Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate Achievement Program at the University of Oklahoma, a program designed to help members of underrepresented groups gain access to graduate-level education. As a first generation college student, this program helped me tremendously, teaching me what to expect from a graduate program, as well as covering costs associated with graduate school applications. My committee, Dr. Natasha Warner, Dr. Diana Archangeli, Dr. Ofelia Zepeda, and Dr. Amy Fountain, have graciously shared their time encouraging me, discussing my research with me, and leaving me tons of helpful feedback. If not for them, this research would not have been possible. I’d also like to thank Dr. Heidi Harley and Art Torrance for opening their home to my family when we first moved to Tucson. Moving an entire family (complete with spouse, kids, and pets) across the country is hard. They generously allowed us to stay in their home for a couple months while we searched for a new home in Arizona. Without them, relocating to Tucson for graduate school would have been impossible. I’d still be behind a cash register right now if not for them. I’d also like to mention Anna Norberg, my mentor during my previous life as an aspiring concert pianist, who believed in me when it seemed like not very many others did. Finally, I am further indebted to my friends and colleagues at the University of Arizona as well as the University of Central Arkansas for their support, both social and intellectual. They include Gregory Anderson and Carl Eynatian, Jorge Muriel, Jaime Parchment, Catherine Huang, Brecht Welch, Ethan Dickinson, Ryan Walter Smith, Dr. Stacey Oberly, Dr. Andy Wedel, Dr. Adam Ussishkin, and many others. If I left you out, please don’t take it personally! I really haven’t forgotten you! It’s just that I’m at the bottom of the page here and I’m running out of 5 DEDICATION To my family. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ 9 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 20 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 25 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 28 1.1 Importance of Phonetic Research ....................................................................................... 28 1.2. The Genetic Affiliation of Kawaiisu.................................................................................. 33 1.3. On the Kawaiisu Revitalization Effort ............................................................................... 42 1.4. Grammatical Structures of Kawaiisu ................................................................................. 46 1.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 46 1.4.2 Phonology .................................................................................................................... 47 1.4.3. Morphology................................................................................................................. 73 1.4.4 Basic Word Order ........................................................................................................ 76 1.5. Data and Methods .............................................................................................................. 78 1.6. Organization of the Dissertation ........................................................................................ 83 CHAPTER 2: STRESSED VOWELS .......................................................................................... 84 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 84 2.2 Methods............................................................................................................................... 88 2.3 Results ................................................................................................................................. 94 2.3.1 Duration Analyses ........................................................................................................ 94 2.3.2 Segmental Results ........................................................................................................ 98 2.4 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 117 7 CHAPTER 3: UNSTRESSED VOWELS .................................................................................. 120 3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 120 3.2. Methods............................................................................................................................ 122 3.3. Durational and Segmental Results ................................................................................... 123 3.3.1 Duration Analyses ...................................................................................................... 123 3.3.2 Segmental Results ...................................................................................................... 126 3.4. On Vowel Deletion .......................................................................................................... 144 3.4.1 Word-Internal Deletion .............................................................................................. 144 3.4.2 Word-Final Deletion .................................................................................................. 149 3.5. Discussion and Conclusion .............................................................................................. 157 CHAPTER 4: ON THE ACOUSTIC CORRELATES OF STRESS IN KAWAIISU ............... 162 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................