Introduction and Development of Competitive Football in Zambia (1930-1969) A Historical Perspective Hikabwa Decius Chipande Master Thesis in Sports History Norwegian School of Sport Sciences May 2009 Table of Contents Table of Contents...................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements............................................................................................................... iv Abbreviations and Acronyms................................................................................................. v CHAPTER ONE.................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Zambia........................................................................................................................... 1 Map Number 1................................................................................................................... 3 Zambia’s Location in Africa, Neighbours and major Towns............................................... 3 Research questions and themes of the thesis................................................................... 4 Research background ..................................................................................................... 6 Methodology...................................................................................................................... 7 Sources and Literature.................................................................................................... 7 Introduction to the primary sources used in the study ..................................................... 9 Magazines.................................................................................................................... 11 Reports/Letters............................................................................................................. 12 Interviews .................................................................................................................... 12 Source Critique and Analysis ........................................................................................... 13 Authenticity of the Primary sources used in the study................................................... 13 Concepts and Expressions................................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER TWO................................................................................................................. 17 Theoretical Perspectives................................................................................................... 17 The Diffusion of Modern Sport........................................................................................ 17 Cultural Hegemony.......................................................................................................... 19 Colonisation of Africa and the diffusion of Modern Sport................................................ 22 Cultural Imperialism ........................................................................................................ 23 Summary: Theoretical Perspectives.................................................................................. 28 CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................. 29 Historical Background ..................................................................................................... 29 History of football........................................................................................................ 29 How did football diffuse to different parts of the worlds?................................................. 32 Diffusion of football in Europe..................................................................................... 32 Diffusion of Football in Africa..................................................................................... 34 How did football diffuse in Africa? ............................................................................... 35 Diffusion of football in South Africa............................................................................ 39 Diffusion of Football in Zimbabwe .............................................................................. 41 Summary: Historical Background .................................................................................... 43 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................... 44 Introduction of football in Zambia ................................................................................... 44 Missionary Education................................................................................................... 44 Colonial Education System .......................................................................................... 46 Colonial Administrators ............................................................................................... 48 Summary: Introduction of football in Zambia .................................................................. 50 CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................................. 51 ii Development of Organised Football in Northern Rhodesia............................................... 51 Northern Rhodesia Football Association (NRFA)......................................................... 51 Racial Football in Northern Rhodesia........................................................................... 53 African Football in Northern Rhodesia............................................................................. 54 International Contacts .................................................................................................. 58 Financing Early Football in Northern Rhodesia................................................................ 59 The African Welfare Societies...................................................................................... 61 Football Club sponsorship............................................................................................ 61 The Governor’s Cup..................................................................................................... 62 Native Football Committee .......................................................................................... 64 Football on the Copperbelt ........................................................................................... 65 Map Number 2................................................................................................................. 66 Map of Zambia showing early competitive clubs in different towns ................................. 66 Summary: Development of organised football in Northern Rhodesia ............................... 69 CHAPTER SIX ................................................................................................................... 70 Ending of racial football and introduction of a National Football League in Zambia......... 70 Amateur football in Northern Rhodesia........................................................................ 70 The end of racial Football in Northern Rhodesia .......................................................... 71 Professional Football League in Northern Rhodesia ..................................................... 74 Summary: Ending of racial football and introduction of the National Football League (NFL) .............................................................................................................................. 77 CHAPTER SEVEN ............................................................................................................. 78 Football and Independence in Zambia.............................................................................. 78 Independence and Exodus of Europeans....................................................................... 78 Zambia Football Association........................................................................................ 80 Development of Football after Independence ............................................................... 81 The new government’s attitude towards football development...................................... 83 New Football Association of Zambia (FAZ) leadership and the development of football .................................................................................................................................... 85 Summary: Football and independence in Zambia ............................................................. 88 CHAPTER EIGHT .............................................................................................................. 89 Final Conclusion with a Theoretical Discussion ............................................................... 89 Cultural Imperialism and Football Diffusion in Zambia................................................ 93 Cultural Hegemony and Football Diffusion in Zambia ................................................. 94 Reference List...................................................................................................................... 99 National Archives Lusaka: One piece Source ..............................................................