Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Parvum lexicon stemmatologicum. A brief lexicon of stemmatology Roelli, Philipp ; Macé, Caroline Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-121539 Scientific Publication in Electronic Form Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Originally published at: Roelli, Philipp; Macé, Caroline (2015). Parvum lexicon stemmatologicum. A brief lexicon of stemmatol- ogy. Helsinki: Helsinki University Homepage. Parvum Lexicon Stemmatologicum 1 PARVUM LEXICON STEMMATOLOGICUM A brief lexicon of stemmatology The Parvum lexicon stemmatologicum (PLS) is a scholarly digital resource providing explanations for technical terms related to stemmatology, a discipline of classical and mediaeval philology aiming at understanding the historical evolution of textual traditions. The PLS was initiated, within the framework of the Studia Stemmatologica research network, by Odd Einar Haugen, who was its editor-in-chief until May 15, 2015. The necessity of creating such a digital resource becomes evident if one realises that stemmatology is by nature an interdisciplinary discipline, using concepts and methods from a variety of different fields: linguistics, codicology, palaeography, book history, etc. In addition, stemmatology is at the same time an old discipline (dating back from the first half of the nineteenth century in its modern form and from the Hellenistic period in its most ancient attestations) and a discipline that has recently undertaken a methodological revolution, not only because of the digital turn in the humanities, but perhaps more importantly because of the influence of phylogenetics. The PLS attempts to address the challenge of integrating old and new concepts, and besides includes the presentation of methods and tools used in stemmatology and sometimes borrowed from other disciplines, such as computer science, mathematics or biology. Moreover, as any other venerable discipline of the humanities, stemmatology has developed according to more or less national schools or traditions, in which the same concepts are not always used in exactly the same way. The PLS tries to address this linguistic aspect by providing equivalents of the terms in French, German, Italian, and – where appropriate – Latin. The list of editors and contributors to the PLS reflects the multidisciplinary and multicultural dimensions of this collective scholarly endeavour. In the last weeks before the release of this version 1.0 (Nov. 13, 2015), much of the work of reviewing this very complex dictionary has been taken up by Marina Buzzoni, Aidan Conti, Odd Einar Haugen, in addition to the two present editors. The lexicon is certainly not yet perfect, the length and depth of entries varies and there may even be contradictions left here and there, but we agreed that its present state is good enough as a first online version (available also as downloadable pdf and html files). We are working on ideas to turn this resource into a second, completely revised version as a book publication. If you have suggestions, corrections, improvements, do not hesitate to send them to stemmatology (at) gmail.com. Caroline Macé & Philipp Roelli, editors-in-chief License: CC-BY-NC (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/) Parvum Lexicon Stemmatologicum 2 The PLS was created through volunteer work without major funding, nonetheless it has received support from several institutions – to which we express our thanks – in particular to the Finnish Cultural Foundation, Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, the University of Bergen, the University of Helsinki, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, the University of Zürich, and COST Action IS1005 . Contributors Editors-in-Chief Caroline Macé, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Philipp Roelli, Zürich, Switzerland Editorial board Marina Buzzoni, Venice, Italy Aidan Conti, Bergen, Norway Marko Halonen, Helsinki, Finland Odd Einar Haugen, Bergen, Norway (editor-in-chief until mid 2015) Tuomas Heikkilä, Rome, Italy Teemu Roos, Helsinki, Finland Contributors AC Aidan Conti, Bergen, Norway CH Chris Howe, Cambridge, UK CL Claudio Lagomarsini, Siena, Italy CM Caroline Macé, Leuven, Belgium GH Gerd Haverling, Uppsala, Sweden HW Heather Windram, Cambridge, UK JT Jamie Tehrani, Durham, UK JZ Joris van Zundert, The Hague, The Netherlands KH Katharina Huber, Norwich, UK Parvum Lexicon Stemmatologicum 3 MB Marina Buzzoni, Venice, Italy MH Marko Halonen, Helsinki, Finland OH Odd Einar Haugen, Bergen, Norway PR Philipp Roelli, Zürich, Switzerland SN Svetlina Nikolova, Sofia, Bulgaria TA Tara Andrews, Bern, Switzerland TB Thomas Bein, Aachen, Germany TH Tuomas Heikkilä, Rome, Italy TR Teemu Roos, Helsinki, Finland VM Vincent Moulton, Norwich, UK External Reviewers Daniel Apollon, Bergen, Norway Eugenio Burgio, Venice, Italy Carmen Cardelle de Hartmann, Zürich, Switzerland Christian Janss, Oslo, Norway Erika Kihlman, Stockholm, Sweden Contents • Abbreviations and editorial signs • Archetype • Addition • Arrhythmia • Alignment • Assimilation • Analysis of forms • Author • Ancestor • Autograph • Annotated Bibliography • Base text • Anticipation • Bayes’ theorem • APE • Bayesian phylogenetics • Apograph • Bédier, Joseph • Apomorphic • Bifid / binary / bifurcating / bipartite • Apparatus • Bifurcation Parvum Lexicon Stemmatologicum 4 • Bindefehler • Dictation • Bootstrapping • Diffraction • Branch • Directed acyclic graph (DAG) • Character • Dispositio • Chi-squared test • Distance matrix • Cladistics • Dittography • Cladogram • Divinatio • Cladorama • Document • Codex • Duplication • Codex descriptus • Ecdotics • Codex interpositus • Edge • Codex optimus • Edition, best-manuscript • Codex unicus • Edition, critical • Codicology • Edition, digital • CollateX • Edition, diplomatic • Collation • Edition, documentary • Colophon • Edition, eclectic • Combinatio • Edition, monotypic • Common errors method • Edition, synoptic • Computer-assisted stemmatology • Editions, history of • Conjecture • Editions, types of • Consensus tree • Eigenfehler • Constitutio textus • Eliminatio codicum descriptorum • Contamination • Eliminatio lectionum singularium • Contamination, extra-stemmatic • Emendatio • Contamination, simultaneous • Emendatio ex fonte • Contamination, successive • Error • Contini, Gianfranco • Error, common • Contributors • Error, conjunctive • Copy • Error, indicative or significant • Copy text • Error, separative • Copying of texts • Error, types of • Copyist • Examinatio • Corruption • Exemplar • Cycle • Exemplar shift • Data display network • Facsimile • Data formats • Family (of witnesses) • Data formats for character data • Fragment • Data formats for textual data • Gloss • Data formats for trees • Gloss-incorporation • Degree • Glyph • Descendant • Graph • Diasystem • Group (of witnesses) Parvum Lexicon Stemmatologicum 5 • Haplography • New Philology • Havet, Pierre Antoine Louis • Newick format • Home • Nexus • Homoeoarcton • Node (vertex) • Homoeoteleuton • Node, internal • Homoplasy • Normalisation • Hyparchetype • Omission • Innovation • Origin • Interpolation • Original • Irigoin, Jean • Outgroup • Itacism • Palaeography • Jukes–Cantor model • Parablepsis • Juxta • Paradosis • Lachmann, Karl • Parallelism • Lachmann’s method • Paris, Gaston • Lacuna • Parsimoniously informative • Leaf • Parsimony • Lectio brevior, lectio potior • Pasquali, Giorgio • Lectio difficilior, lectio potior • Path • Lectio facilior • PAUP • Lectio singularis • PHYLIP • Leitfehler • Phylogenetic networks, types of • Leithandschrift • Phylogenetic tree • Likhachov, Dmitrij Sergeevich • Phylogenetics • Locus criticus • Phylogram • Locus desperatus • Phylomemetics • Loss rate (of witnesses) • Plesiomorphic • Maas, Paul • Polarisation • Manuscript • Polygenesis • Material accident • Quentin, Henri • Media transmitting texts • R (Statistical Programming Language) • Metathesis • Reading • Method, Leitfehler-based • Reading, primary • Method, maximum likelihood • Reading, secondary • Method, maximum parsimony • Reading, variant • Methods, distance-based • Recensio • Misreading • Recension • Mouvance • Recension, closed and open • MrBayes • Recentiores non deteriores • NeighborNet • Reconstruction • Neighbour joining • Redaction • Neo-Lachmannian Philology • Redactor • Networks, evolutionary • Reeve, Michael D. Parvum Lexicon Stemmatologicum 6 • Reference text • T-Rex method • Regularisation • Taxon • Reticulation • Text • Reticulogram • Textual criticism • Revision • Textual scholarship • RHM • Textual variance • Root • Timpanaro, Sebastiano • Saut du même au même • Tools • Schlyter, Carl Johan • Tradition • Scribal conjecture • Tradition, artificial • Scribe • Tradition, indirect • Scuola storica • Transmission • Segre, Cesare • Transmission, types of • Selectio • Transposition • Semstem • Tree • Set • Tree, unrooted • Siglum • Trennfehler • Sonderfehler • UPGMA • Split • Usus scribendi • SplitsTree • Variance (Mathematical) • Stemma • Variant (reading) • Stemmatics • Variant graph • Stemmatology • Variant location • StemmaWeb • Version • Stemweb • Vulgarisation • Subarchetype • Vulgate • Substitution • West, Martin Litchfield • Subtree • Witness • Symplesiomorphic • Work Abbreviations and editorial signs Editions and apparatuses tend to use a lot of abbreviations and sigla. Unfortunately even within one and