Self-Regulation and Spiritual Coping Processes in School-aged Children Diagnosed with Depression Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Guthery, Ann Marie Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 18:44:48 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195945 SELF-REGULATION AND SPIRITUAL COPING PROCESSES IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH DEPRESSION by Ann Marie Guthery ________________________ Copyright © Ann Marie Guthery 2010 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the COLLEGE OF NURSING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 1 0 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Ann Marie Guthery entitled ‘SELF-REGULATION AND SPIRITUAL COPING PROCESSES IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN DIAGOSED WITH DEPRESSION’ and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ___________________________________________________________________________ Date: April 13, 2010 Pamela G Reed, PhD, RN, FAAN Professor ___________________________________________________________________________ Date: April 13, 2010 Elaine G Jones, PhD, RN, FAANP Associate Professor ___________________________________________________________________________ Date: April 13, 2010 Terry A Badger, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, FAAN Professor Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ____________________________________________________ Date: April 13, 2010 Dissertation Director Pamela G Reed, PhD, RN, FAAN Professor 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Ann Marie Guthery 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First I am grateful to the children who participated in this study and for the families for bringing them into the office for the interview sessions. Thanks for allowing me to have a glimpse into your lives and to help me with this project. I also wish to thank my faculty advisor and mentor Dr. Pamela Reed for guidance and belief in me completing this project. Thanks to the members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Elaine Jones and Dr. Terry Badger, your comments have been helpful and wise. Thanks to Dr. Wendy Gamble for your expertise on families for my minor. Also to Dr. Laura Clark Steffen on your expertise in grounded theory work. Thanks to my husband Richard, who would not know what a weekend is like if I was not stuck to the computer. Thanks for putting up with my going back for another degree. Thanks also to my children, Tyler, Kailey and Nicholas. I promise we can now do things again on the weekends, so you do not have to always work around Mom. 5 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the patients I care for; I hope that this work will bring me more knowledge to care for you in the best way possible. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ...........................................................................................................9 LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................................................10 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER ONE – STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ........................................................13 Statement of the Purpose ...............................................................................................................14 Background and Significance ........................................................................................................15 Description and Etiology of Depression in Children .....................................................................17 Spirituality and Depression ............................................................................................................20 Conceptual Orientation ..................................................................................................................22 Developmental Theories and Spirituality in Children ...................................................................23 Spirituality and Child Cognitive Development..............................................................................25 Wonder ..................................................................................................................................26 Wondering.............................................................................................................................26 Wisdom .................................................................................................................................27 Between You and Me ............................................................................................................27 Theories on Childhood Depression as Potentially Related to Spirituality .....................................28 Biological ..............................................................................................................................28 Psychosocial ..........................................................................................................................29 Cognitive Theories ................................................................................................................30 Stress and Coping .................................................................................................................30 Resilience and Spirituality ....................................................................................................31 Description and Definitions of Key Concepts in the Orientation ..................................................33 Spirituality.............................................................................................................................33 Depression.............................................................................................................................34 Depression and Spiritual Distress .........................................................................................35 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................36 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................36 Summary ........................................................................................................................................37 CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .........................................................38 Spirituality and Coping ..................................................................................................................38 Resilience and Spirituality .............................................................................................................42 Depression and Spirituality ............................................................................................................43 Stress and Resilience in Relation to Depression ............................................................................43 Summary ........................................................................................................................................44 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued CHAPTER THREE – METHOD AND DESIGN .....................................................................46 Overview of Grounded Theory ......................................................................................................46 The Use of Grounded Theory in Nursing ......................................................................................47 Reasons Why Grounded Theory was Chosen ................................................................................48 Differing Schools of Grounded Theory .........................................................................................50 Procedure .......................................................................................................................................51 Overview ...............................................................................................................................51 Theoretical Sampling and Constant Comparative Analysis ..........................................................52 Protection of Human Subjects .......................................................................................................52