Zakho Technical Institute Department of Information Technology Operating System 4. Windows Administrative Tools Lecturer: Sipan M. Hameed 1 Contents Operating System .......................................... 1 4. Windows Administrative Tools ................... 1 4. Windows Administrative Tools ................. 4 Introduction - Administrative Tools in Windows 10 ................ 4 Component Services Administration ...................................... 6 4.2.1 Ways to Open Windows Services ....................................................... 6 4.2.2 How to Open Windows Services Windows 10 – (8 Ways) ................... 6 Understanding and Managing Windows Services ................. 11 4.3.1 "Startup Type" for Service ................................................................ 11 4.3.2 What Are Services Exactly? .............................................................. 11 4.3.3 Looking at Services in Task Manager for Windows 8.x ..................... 15 4.3.4 Using Process Explorer to Look at Services ....................................... 18 4.3.5 Should You Disable Services? ........................................................... 18 4.3.6 Administering Services from the Command Prompt ......................... 19 4.3.7 Final Thoughts ................................................................................. 21 How to start and stop services manually on Windows 10 ..... 21 4.4.1 How to manage services using Services console ............................... 21 4.4.2 How to manage services using Task Manager ................................. 26 4.4.3 How to manage services using PowerShell ....................................... 27 4.4.4 How to manage services using Command Prompt ........................... 33 System Configuration utility ................................................ 39 2 4.5.1 introduction ..................................................................................... 39 4.5.2 ways to start System Configuration in Windows .............................. 40 4.5.3 things you can do with System Configuration, in Windows .............. 49 3 4. Windows Administrative Tools Introduction - Administrative Tools in Windows 10 Administrative Tools is a folder in Control Panel that contains tools for system administrators and advanced users. The tools in the folder might vary depending on which edition of Windows you are using. 4 These tools were included in previous versions of Windows. The associated documentation for each tool should help you use these tools in Windows 10. The following list provides links to documentation for each tool. The tools are located within the folder C:\Windows\System32\ or its subfolders. 1. Component Services 11. Recovery Drive 2. Computer Management 12. Registry Editor 3. Defragment and Optimize 13. Resource Monitor Drives 14. Services 4. Disk Cleanup 15. System Configuration 5. Event Viewer 16. System Information 6. iSCSI Initiator 17. Task Scheduler 7. Local Security Policy 18. Windows Firewall with 8. ODBC Data Sources Advanced Security 9. Performance Monitor 19. Windows Memory Diagnostic 10. Print Management 5 Component Services Administration You can use the Component Services snap-in in Microsoft Management Console (MMC) to configure and administer Component Object Model (COM) components, COM+ applications, and the Distributed Transaction Coordinator (DTC). Component Services is designed both for system administrators and for application developers. For example, administrators can manage components, and developers can configure routine component and application behavior, such as participation in transactions and object pooling. 4.2.1 Ways to Open Windows Services 4.2.2 How to Open Windows Services Windows 10 – (8 Ways) You can easily access Windows Services in Windows 10 with several ways. 4.2.2.1 Way 1. How to Open Windows Services from Run Press Windows + R, type services.msc in Run dialog, and hit Enter key to open it. 6 4.2.2.2 Way 2. Access Windows Services with Search Click Start or the Cortana Search Box, type services, and click the best-matched result to open Windows Services application. 7 4.2.2.3 Way 3. Find Windows Services App from Start Menu Click Start menu, scroll down the list to find Windows Administrative Tools to expand it. Click Services to open it. 4.2.2.4 Way 4. How to Open Services.msc in Control Panel Open Control Panel in Windows 10, click System and Security in Control Panel window, and click Administrative Tools. Find Services shortcut in the list and double-click it to open it. 8 4.2.2.5 Way 5. How to Open Services.msc from Command Prompt Press Windows + R, type cmd, and hit Enter to open Command Prompt in Windows 10. Then type the Windows Services command line services.msc and hit Enter to open it. 4.2.2.6 Way 6. Start Services in Windows 10 with PowerShell Press Windows + X and choose Windows PowerShell to open PowerShell. Type Windows Services command services.msc in PowerShell window, and hit Enter to open Windows Services. 4.2.2.7 Way 7. Enable Windows Services from Computer Management Open Computer Management in Windows 10. Click Services and Applications from the left pane to expand it. Click Services to open it. 9 4.2.2.8 Way 8. Create a Shortcut for Windows Services To quickly access Windows Services application, you can create a desktop shortcut for Windows Services app. Right-click the black space of computer desktop screen, and click New -> Shortcut. In Create Shortcut window, you can input services.msc, and click Next. Type a name for the shortcut and click Finish to create a shortcut for Windows Services. Then when you want to open Windows Services, you can double-click its desktop shortcut icon to quickly access it. 10 Understanding and Managing Windows Services A service is an application type that runs in the system background without a user interface and is similar to a UNIX daemon process. Services provide core operating system features, such as Web serving, event logging, file serving, printing, cryptography, and error reporting. 4.3.1 "Startup Type" for Service • Automatic - With a service in this state, it will start at boot time. Some services, when no longer required, will also automatically stop when not needed. If you find you do not need a service, place it into Manual or Disabled. • Automatic (Delayed Start) - With a service in this state, it will start just after boot time. Some services, when no longer required, will also automatically stop when not needed. If you find you do not need a service, place it into Manual or Disabled. • Automatic (Delayed Start, Trigger Start) - With a service in this state, it will start just after boot when specifically called. • Manual (Trigger Start) - This is a version of Manual mode that allows Windows to start a service when specifically called and Microsoft’s answer to “too many services running all the time”. • Manual - Manual mode allows Windows to start a service when needed. However, very few services will start up when required in Manual mode. If you find you need a service, place it into Automatic. • Disabled - This setting will stop a service from starting, even if needed. Errors in the Event Viewer will show up complaining of that fact. Some services, while Disabled, will constantly complain. However, this situation is taken care of if placed in Manual. The service descriptions identifies those that should be in Manual vice Disabled. 4.3.2 What Are Services Exactly? Windows services are a special type of application that is configured to launch and run in the background, in some cases before the user has even logged in. They can be configured to run as the local system account. Services are designed to run continuously in the background and perform system tasks, like backing up your computer or running a server process that listens on a network port. Back in the Windows XP days, services could be configured to run interactively and run alongside the rest of your applications, but since Vista, all services are forced to run in a special window session that can’t interact with your local desktop. So a service that tries to open a dialog box or show you a message won’t be allowed to do so. Unlike regular applications, which can be simply launched and run under your user account, a service must be installed and registered with Windows, which requires an administrator account, and usually a User Account Control prompt before that happens. So if you don’t allow an application to run as administrator, it cannot just create a service to run in the background. 11 4.3.2.1 The Services Panel Windows has always used the Services panel as a way to manage the services that are running on your computer. You can easily get there at any point by simply hitting WIN + R on your keyboard to open the Run dialog, and typing in services.msc. The Services panel is fairly simple: there are a list of services, a status column to show whether it is running or not, and more information like name, description, and the startup type of the service. You’ll notice that not every service is running all the time. While you can select a service and either right-click it or click the toolbar buttons to start, stop, or restart it, you can also double-click to open up the properties view and get more information. Disabling the service is as simple as changing the Startup type drop-down to disabled and choosing Apply, although you can also change it to Manual or automatic with a delayed start. From this dialog you can see the full path to the executable as well, which can help in many cases when you want to see what exactly the service is running. 12 The Log On tab allows you to choose whether the service is logged on as the local system account or under another account. This is mostly useful in a server environment where you might want to run a service account from the domain that has access to resources on other servers. You might notice the option for “Allow service to interact with desktop”, which we mentioned earlier – by default, services are not allowed to access your desktop unless this box is checked, and this checkbox is really only there for legacy support.