CELEBRITY CHEFS PERFORMING THE EXPERT: A LINGUISTIC AND MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF TV COOKING SHOWS By KERI MATWICK A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 © 2016 Keri Matwick To my family ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am thankful to God for my blessings and for this opportunity to fulfil my dream. I am grateful to my chair, Dr. Ann Wehmeyer, who has mentored me and guided this study from the proposal to this final version of the dissertation. I appreciate her attention to detail and smart questions. I also thank my committee members: Dr. Paula Golombek, Dr. Diana Boxer, and Dr. Jane Townsend. Many ideas in this dissertation started as papers and projects in their engaging classes. Thank you to my family, especially my mother and my father, Ann and John Matwick, who encouraged and supported me along the way. Finally, I dedicate this work to my twin sister, Kelsi, who shared the Ph.D. journey with me in her own study of language and gender in cookbooks. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 8 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Background of Television Cooking Shows and Celebrity Chefs ....................... 15 1.3 Literature Review .............................................................................................. 15 1.4 Purpose of the study ......................................................................................... 34 1.5 Research Questions ......................................................................................... 35 1.6 Significance of the study ................................................................................... 36 1.7 Dissertation Layout ........................................................................................... 39 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................................. 42 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 42 2.2 Discourse Analysis- Narrative ........................................................................... 43 2.3 Discourse Analysis- Interactional Sociolinguistics ............................................ 49 2.3.1 Performance of talk ................................................................................. 49 2.3.2 Fresh talk ................................................................................................. 52 2.3.3 Synthetic Personalization ........................................................................ 53 2.3.4 Politeness ................................................................................................ 56 2.3.5 Legitimation ............................................................................................. 57 2.4 Multimodality .................................................................................................... 59 2.4.1 Visual ....................................................................................................... 60 2.4.2 Auditory ................................................................................................... 64 2.4.3 Gestural ................................................................................................... 66 2.4.4 Spatial ..................................................................................................... 69 2.5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 71 3 DATA AND METHOD OF ANALYSIS ..................................................................... 73 3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 73 3.2 Design of the Study........................................................................................... 73 3.2.1 Data sources ........................................................................................... 73 3.2.2 Data collection ......................................................................................... 74 3.2.3 Data transcribing method ........................................................................ 76 5 3.3 Overview of Celebrity Chefs and Cooking Shows ............................................. 77 3.4 Method of Analysis............................................................................................ 80 4 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 82 4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 82 4.2 Discourse Structure .......................................................................................... 83 4.2.1 Trademark Opening (Orientation) ............................................................ 83 4.2.2 Introduction of the Episode (Abstract) ..................................................... 88 4.2.3 Complicating Action (Recipe Telling) ....................................................... 90 4.2.4 Side Narratives and Storytelling .............................................................. 95 4.2.5 Assessment Discourse (Evaluation) ........................................................ 99 4.2.6 Closing Scene (Coda) ........................................................................... 100 4.3 Discourse Performance .................................................................................. 103 4.3.1 Fresh Talk ............................................................................................. 103 4.3.1.1 Fresh talk: linguistic strategies ..................................................... 103 4.3.1.2 Fresh talk: multimodal effects ...................................................... 105 4.3.2 Storytelling ............................................................................................. 107 4.3.2.1 Storytelling: Kitchen confessions ................................................. 107 4.3.2.2 Storytelling: Personal past ........................................................... 109 4.3.3 Synthetic personalization ....................................................................... 111 4.3.3.1 Synthetic personalization: The use of I, you, we, and us ............. 112 4.3.3.2 Synthetic personalization: Framing techniques—up close and personal ................................................................................................ 115 4.3.4 Politeness .............................................................................................. 117 4.4 Summary ........................................................................................................ 121 5 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 126 5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 126 5.2 Legitimation in the Multimodal Discourse of Cooking Shows .......................... 127 5.2.1 Authorization ......................................................................................... 128 5.2.1.1 Personal authority ........................................................................ 128 5.2.1.2 Expert authority ............................................................................ 132 5.2.1.3 Role model authority .................................................................... 139 5.2.1.4 Authority of tradition ..................................................................... 140 5.2.1.5 Authority of conformity ................................................................. 144 5.2.2 Moral Evaluation .................................................................................... 146 5.2.2.1 Evaluation: “Good” food ............................................................... 147 5.2.2.2 Evaluation: “healthy” food ............................................................ 150 5.2.3 Rationalization ....................................................................................... 153 5.2.3.1 Rationalization: money ................................................................. 153 5.2.3.2 Rationalization: time ..................................................................... 156 5.3 Summary ........................................................................................................ 157 6 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 159 6 6.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 159 6.2 Theoretical Contributions ................................................................................ 160 6.2.1 Narrative Contributions