Cicred later-Center Cooperative Research Program URBANIZATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION Proceedings of the Project Initiating Meeting Pusan, Korea, 29 September - 3 October 1989 Edited by Bui Dang Ha Doan Social Survey Research Center, Pusan National university Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED) Cicred Inter-Center Cooperative Research Program URBANIZATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION Proceeding? of the Project Initiating Meeting Pusan, Korea, 29 September - 3 October 1989 Edited by Bui Dang Ha Doan 1990 Social Survey Research Center, Pusan National University and Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED) FOREWORD Léon Tabah Vice Chairman, Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED) For the time being, new patterns of city growth and population distribution constitute a major concern to policy makers and underline the necessity for further scientific exploration. The General Assembly of CICRED, at its 1985 session in Florence, Italy, decided to include a project on "Urbanization and Population Distribution" in the CICRED Inter-Center Cooperative Research Programme. The decision was renewed at the General Assembly of New Delhi in 1989. On the invitation of the Social Survey Research Center of the Pusan National University, the initial meeting of the project was held in Pusan, Korea, from 29 September to 3 October 1989. The meeting was under the guidance of Prof. Alan B. Simmons, who has been assigned by the CICRED Bureau the task of coordinating this collaborative effort. On behalf of the Bureau, I would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Social Survey Research Center and, more particularly, Prof. Dae Ki-Kang, the Center's Director, for their generous hospitality and their enthusiastic participation in the project. My thanks also go to Prof. Simmons and all the participants. Mr Bui Dang Ha Doan, CICRED Director for Scientific Affairs, had to carry out the difficult task of editing all the proceedings of the Meeting. I would like to express to him my warmest appreciation. The project is now on the move, and we invite all interested research centers to join the common endeavour. TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword by Léon Tabah 3 Conference Opening Ceremony 7 Conference Report and Proposed Research Plan by Alan B. Simmons 11 The demographers' impact on city growth and some problems involved in forecasting city populations by H.V. Mühsam 36 The urbanization process of Pusan City, Korea by Lee Sung Hae 48 COUNTRY REPORTS Bangladesh : Rural-urban migration and urbanization by Mesbah -us-Saleheen, A.H.M. Raihan Sharif and Sheikh Aid. Monzurul Huq 58 The Caribbean Isles : International movement in urbanization by Elizabeth Thomas-Hope 76 China : Regional variation of migration and fertility in Hubei Province by Gu Shengzu, Wu Xinnmu and Zhu Nong 92 China : The urban hierarchy by Dudley L. Boston Jr., Tian Yong and Jia Zhongke 100 India : Some issues of urbanization by K. Krishna Kumari 131 India : Urbanization in India by K.P. Singh 142 Korea : The trends and patterns of urbanward migration, 1960-1985 by Kwon Tai-Hwan 154 Maroc : Spatiaüsation de la population et développement régional par Mostafa Tadili Fariss et Ahmed Nouijai 175 Mexico : Urbanization : facts and policy issues by José B. Morelos 187 Philippines : Trends and patterns of urbanization by Michael A. Costello 207 Senegal : Efforts to refrain rural migrants by Aderanti Adepoju and Pierre Ngom 234 Turkey : Major reasons for urbanization by Suhendan Ekni 259 Uruguay : Changements technologiques et productifs et leur répercussion sur la distribution spatiale et l'urbanisation par Mario Lombardi 274 Viet Nam : Some aspects of population development and urbanization by Tran Van Chien 291 CONFERENCE OPENING CEREMONY * * * ADDRESS BY PROF. DAE KI RANG DIRECTOR, SOCIAL SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER It is an honor to welcome you to the CICRED conference here in Pusan, Korea. As chairman of the local organizing committee, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to all of you. This conference had its beginning? in 1988, when Dr. Yun Kim of Utah State University suggested that I host this conference in Pusan. This proposal was accepted by the University as well as by the Ministry of Education. Dr. Ock Yang Lyun, former Director of the Social Survey Research Center of Pusan National University, confirmed our willingness to do so at the CICRED meeting in Bali, Indonesia, in November 1988. Our conference theme, "Urbanization and Geographical Distribution of Population, " is a topic of vital importance not only to Korea but also to many other developing countries. The directions which emerge from our discussions will most certainly benefit other countries facing similar urban problems. It is my sincere hope that this conference will facilitate professional interactions and foster new friendships. Please feel free to call upon me if I can be of any assistance to you during your stay in Pusan. We are indeed grateful for all the local support we received when organizing this congress. Specifically, I would like to thank the City of Pusan, the Pusan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and the members of our local advisory committee. Appreciation is also extended to our local financial sponsors: Mr. Oh Wan Soo, the President of Daehan Sangsa; Dr. Choi Wi Kyung, the President of Taechang Enterprise; Mr. Yoon Boo Whan, the President of Kukjae Paper Manufacturing Company; and Mr. Lee Jae Hun, an individual contributor. -7- Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Bourgeois-Pichat, who is responsible for the successful inauguration of this conference, but who is unfortunately not able to be with us. Dr. Leon Tabah, Vice-chairman of CICRED, will replace Dr. Bourgeois-Pichat. I would like to express my best wishes to hint and to all of you. * * * ADDRESS BY DR. KUN SIK SHIN PRESIDENT PUSAN MUNHWA BROADCASTING CORPORATION / am very privileged to be able to host this international conference in this beautiful and historic hae-un~dae. And I am thrilled to see so many great scholars and distinguished guests from all over the world. Welcome to all of you, and especially to those participants who come from countries with whom Korea has not had close diplomatic relations in the past. You are international authorities on the issues of population, urban sociology, economics, or public administration. Therefore, as President of Pusan MBQ one of Korea's major broadcasting companies, I wish to say that we are deeply honored by your visit. Pusan MBC is hosting this conference, together with the Social Survey Research Center of Pusan National University, one of the leading universities in Korea. The reason for this is that we support academic research activities that have the aim of advancing local, regional and national culture. This is a most important function of broadcasting and, in my opinion, the role and mission of the media. The theme of this conference are the issues of population and urbanization, both of which form the basis of modern social change. I look forward to having concrete positive discussions and analyses on the subject that may lead to positive results. -8- At the present time our urban environments have many sociological and economic problems. However, I am certain that we can explore various alternative ways of solving these problems. By coming together, we can share our knowledge about the problems which plague our city environments and offer each other possible solutions and alternatives. City development is nowadays a very complicated process which directly affects the development of a nation as a whole. We all wish to live in a city that is comfortable, peaceful and pleasant. All of you came here to help achieve this common goal. I hope that this conference will prove to be interesting informative and enjoyable for all of you. * * ADDRESS BY PROF. JUSHIL SUH PRESIDENT OF PUSAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY / am very pleased and honored to greet you at this Conference of the Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography. As the representative of the host organizations, I would like to extend my special gratitude to all of you, particularly to those who have come a long way from abroad and to the members of the organizing committee, who have designed an excellent program for this conference. I would like to express my deep appreciation to the City of Pusan, the Pusan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and to several business firms and individuals for their generous support. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Pusan Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation and to the Social Survey Research Center of Pusan National University. As the President of Pusan National University, I feel very proud that our Social Survey Research Center has been responsible for organizing this international conference. In order to keep pace with the international level of academic research and education, Pusan National University has initiated academic -9- exchange probants with 13 universities around the world, and the Social Survey Research Center has played an important role in international academic exchanges. The significance of this conference is well reflected in its theme "Urbanization and Geographical Distribution of Population." Geographical mobility of the population and the consequent urbanization seem to be fundamental sources of social change. Population change may bring about various urban problems and social transformations in a transitional stage, as we are witnessing in Korea. Our country is in turmoil, shifting from the stable preindustrial society to the unstable industrial one. In this process we are faced with many problems, including uneven regional development, functionally overconcentrated primate cities, and political instability. Many urban problems such as housing shortages, traffic jams, water and sewerage problems, environmental pollution and overpopulation in large cities seem to be accelerated by the exodus of rural residents into a few large metropolises.