Bridging the Gap between the Old and New Testaments: History from the Late Judean Kings to the Jewish Revolt (A.D. 74) and Their Significance Week 11 – Rulers after Herod & Revolt against Rome I. Herod’s Successors (4 B.C.-A.D. 66) A. Caesar Augustus had to decide on Herod’s successors. 1. 3 sons went to Rome to secure their permission to rule. 2. Archelaus, as Ethnarch, ruled Judea, Idumea &Samaria 3. Agrippa, Tetrarch, ruled Galilee & Perea (S. Transjordan) 4. Philip the Tetrarch ruled NE of Sea of Galilee. B. Archelaus (4 B.C.-A.D. 6) 1. Characteristics: Showed all father’s vices but not a good statesman like father; actions offensive to Jews-Matt.2:22 2. Actions: Raising public buildings, cities, and aqueducts. 3. Rule Ended: Complaint filed in Rome by Jewish & Samaritan leaders who warned of revolt under him. 4. A.D. 6 removed - banished to Gaul- Judea & Samaria was 3rd class province governed by a procurator/prefect. C. Philip the Tetrarch (4 B.C.-A.D. 34)-Syrians, Greeks &Jews 1. Characteristics: Milder character; moderate and lenient ruler; lived a quiet and peaceable life. Wife = Salome. 2. Actions: Rebuilt and enlarged Caesarea Philippi (capital) & Bethsaida on Sea of Galilee; Oversaw justice himself. 3. Rule Ended: Died in A.D. 34- area given to Agrippa in 37 4. Near capital Peter called “Rock”(Matt. 16:13; 17-18), etc D. Herod Antipas (4 B.C.-A.D. 39) -Tetrarch of Galilee & Perea 1. Characteristics: “That Fox” (Luke 13:32) refers to sly, crafty, vindictive qualities; most known for imprisoning & beheading John the Baptist. Divorced wife- wed Herodias. 2. Actions: Ablest son; great builder: Tiberias on lake, rebuilt Sepphoris in Galilee, fortified Beth-ramphtha. 3. Rule Ended: Wife prodded- sought royal title-deposed 39 E. Agrippa I (A.D. 37-44)- King of Abilene & N. Transjordan >AD 37; Galilee & Perea >AD 39; Judea & Samaria >AD 41. 1. Characteristics: Black sheep (many debts); followed Jewish law strictly; friend>Hellenistic culture minus Jews; viewed as a Hasmonaean king not an Edomite. 2. Actions: One of first Christian persecutors (killed James and Peter imprisoned); Caused downfall of Antipas. 3. Rule Ended: A.D. 44-died after enjoying being called god F. Agrippa II (A.D. 53-100) - King over same area as father. 1. Characteristics: Performed Jewish forms outwardly only; openly sided with Romans; incest with sister. 2. Actions: Appointed High Priests; advised Romans on Jews 3. Rule Ended: Ruled until his death after A.D. 94. II. Selected Procurators of Judea (A.D. 26-61) A. Pontius Pilate (A.D. 26-36) 1. Characteristics: Inflexible of nature, stubborn, harsh; spiteful disposition; serve expediency; grievous brutality. 2. Actions: Regularly offended Jewish opinion; constructed aqueduct from southern highlands to Jerusalem. 3. Rule Ended: A.D. 36- for action against Samaritan pilgrims. B. Antonius Felix (52-59) &Porcius Festus (59-61) 1. Both took energetic action against insurgents=help Jews III. War Against Rome (A.D. 66-74) A. Started in Jerusalem by Pharisees, Zealots, many priests B. Procurator, Florus’, raid of temple treasury was spark C. Jews controlled most of Judea in A.D. 66 & early 67. D. Disputes between Jewish leaders weakened cause. E. Vespasian retook Galilee, Samaria, Judea (most) 67-69 F. Titus, son, took over and placed Jerusalem under siege. 1. August 29, 70, on the anniversary of destruction of First Temple by Babylonians in 587 B.C., sanctuary destroyed 2. City burned and razed to ground in late Sept., A.D. 70. 3. Many slaughtered & the rest sold to slavery or to games. 4. 700 Jews graced triumphal procession of Titus in Rome. 5. 2 of 3 fortresses fell fairly soon; May 74-Masada Zealots .