NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 12 A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago Robert P. Stone Helmut Lehnert Henry Reiswig U.S. Department of Commerce September 2011 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Rebecca Blank Acting Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D. Scientific Editor Administrator of NOAA Richard D. Brodeur, Ph.D. Associate Editor National Marine Julie Scheurer Fisheries Service Eric C. Schwaab National Marine Fisheries Service Assistant Administrator Northwest Fisheries Science Center for Fisheries 2030 S. Marine Science Dr. Newport, Oregon 97365-5296 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese, Ph.D. National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr, Ph.D. National Marine Fisheries Service Bruce L. Wing, Ph.D. National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is published by the Scientific Publications Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data-in- Seattle, WA 98115. tensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. Copies The Secretary of Commerce has determined that the publication of of the NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series are available free in limited numbers to this series is necessary in the transac- government agencies, both federal and state. They are also available in exchange for tion of the public business required by other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Professional Papers law of this Department. Use of funds are published online in PDF format at http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov for printing of this series has been ap- proved by the Director of the Office NOTICE: This series was established in 2003 to replace the NOAA Technical Report of Management and Budget. NMFS series. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 12 A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago Robert P. Stone Helmut Lehnert Henry Reiswig September 2011 U.S. Department of Commerce Seattle, Washington Suggested reference Stone, Robert P., Helmut Lehnert, and Henry Reiswig. 2011. A guide to the deep- water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 12, 187 p. Online dissemination This report is posted online in PDF format at http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov (click on Professional Papers link). Copyright law Although the contents of the Professional Papers have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted entirely, reference to source is appreciated. Proprietary products The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication fur- nished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends, or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Introduction . 1 About this guide . 2 Zoogeography of sponges . 3 Biology of sponges . 5 Ecology of sponges . 7 Importance as fish habitat . 7 Vulnerability to disturbance . 7 Monitoring bycatch of sponges . 8 Collection and preservation of sponge specimens . 9 Laboratory identification of sponge specimens . 9 Calcareous sponges and demosponges . 9 Hexactinellid sponges . 9 Class Calcarea . 11 1 .Clathrina sp . 12 2 .Leucandra poculiformis . 13 3 .Leucandra tuba . 14 Class Hexactinellida . 15 4 .Farrea kurilensis ssp . nov . 16 5 .Farrea occa occa . 17 6 .Farrea sp . nov . 18 7 . Family Euretidae; Genus nov ., sp . nov . 19 8 .Tretodictyum sp . nov . 20 9 .Aphrocallistes vastus . 21 10 Heterochone. calyx calyx . 23 11 Regadrella. okinoseana . 25 12 Acanthascus. (Acanthascus) profundum ssp . nov . 26 13 Acanthascus. (Rhabdocalyptus) dawsoni dawsoni . 27 14 Acanthascus. (Rhabdocalyptus) mirabilis . 28 15 Acanthascus. (Staurocalyptus) solidus . 29 16 Acanthascus. (Staurocalyptus) sp . nov . 1 . 30 17 Acanthascus. (Staurocalyptus) sp . nov . 2 . 31 18 Aulosaccus. pinularis . 32 19 Aulosaccus. schulzei . 33 20 Bathydoris. sp . 34 21 Caulophacus. (Caulophacus) sp . nov . 35 Class Demospongiae . 37 22 . Plakina atka . 38 23 . Plakina tanaga . 39 24 . Craniella arb . 40 25 . Craniella sigmoancoratum . 41 26 . Craniella spinosa . 42 27 . Craniella sputnika . 43 28 . Erylus aleuticus . 44 29 . Geodia lendenfeldi nomen novum . 45 30 . Poecillastra tenuilaminaris . 46 iii CONTENTS (continued) 31. Polymastia fluegeli .......................................................................... 47 32. Polymastia pacifica ......................................................................... 48 33. Stylocordyla borealis eous ..................................................................... 49 34. Aaptos kanuux ............................................................................ 50 35. Rhizaxinella clavata ........................................................................ 51 36. Suberites excellens .......................................................................... 52 37. Suberites simplex ........................................................................... 53 38. Suberites sp. .............................................................................. 54 39. Hemigellius porosus ......................................................................... 55 40. Cornulum clathriata ........................................................................ 56 41. Iophon piceum ............................................................................. 57 42. Iophon piceum abipocillus .................................................................... 58 43. Megaciella anisochela ....................................................................... 59 44. Megaciella spirinae ......................................................................... 60 45. Clathria (Clathria) barleei. 61 46. Clathria (Clathria) laevigata ................................................................. 62 47. Clathira (Axosuberites) lambei ................................................................. 63 48. Echinoclathria vasa ......................................................................... 64 49. Artemisina amlia .......................................................................... 65 50. Artemisina arcigera ......................................................................... 66 51. Artemisina stipitata ......................................................................... 67 52. Artemisina sp.. 68 53. Coelosphaera oglalai ........................................................................ 69 54. Inflatella globosa ........................................................................... 70 55. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) behringi .......................................................... 71 56. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) olgae ............................................................... 72 57. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) oxeota ........................................................... 73 58. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) papillosa ......................................................... 74 59. Monanchora alaskensis ...................................................................... 75 60. Monanchora laminachela .................................................................... 76 61. Monanchora pulchra ........................................................................ 77 62. Crella brunnea ............................................................................ 78 63. Hymedesmia (Stylopus) dermata ............................................................... 79 64. Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) irregularis .......................................................... 80 65. Kirkpatrickia borealis ........................................................................ 81 66. Phorbas paucistylifer ........................................................................ 82 67. Melonanchora globogilva ..................................................................... 83 68. Myxilla (Myxilla) behringensis ................................................................ 84 69. Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) parasitica .............................................................. 85 70. Myxilla (Burtonanchora) pedunculata .......................................................... 86 71. Stelodoryx oxeata ........................................................................... 87 72. Stelodoryx toporoki .......................................................................... 88 73. Stelodoryx vitiazi ........................................................................... 89 74. Echinostylinos hirsutus ...................................................................... 90 iv CONTENTS (continued) 75. Tedania (Tedania) dirhaphis ................................................................ 91 76. Tedania kagalaskai ........................................................................ 92 77. Asbestopluma ramosa. 93 78. Cladorhiza bathycrinoides ..................................................................