Omaha District Draft Cold Brook and Cottonwood Springs Dam and Lake Projects Master Plan Fall River Basin, South Dakota July 2016 Draft Cold Brook and Cottonwood Springs Master Plan Fall River Basin, South Dakota 2016 This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS PERTINENT PROJECT INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................ VI LISTING OF PRIOR DESIGN MEMORANDUMS .......................................................................................................... VII CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1-1 PROJECT AUTHORIZATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 1-1 PROJECT PURPOSES ............................................................................................................................................... 1-2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE MASTER PLAN ........................................................................................................ 1-2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-3 WATERSHED AND PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................................... 1-3 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT SETTING AND FACTORS INFLUENCING MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT...................... 2-1 DESCRIPTION OF RESERVOIRS ............................................................................................................................... 2-1 Cold Brook Lake ................................................................................................................................................ 2-1 Cottonwood Springs Lake ................................................................................................................................. 2-2 HYDROLOGY AND GROUNDWATER ...................................................................................................................... 2-2 Cold Brook Lake ................................................................................................................................................ 2-2 Cottonwood Springs Lake ................................................................................................................................. 2-3 WATER QUALITY .................................................................................................................................................... 2-3 Cold Brook Lake ................................................................................................................................................ 2-3 Cottonwood Springs Lake ................................................................................................................................. 2-3 TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND SOILS ................................................................................................................... 2-4 RESOURCE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................. 2-4 Fish and Wildlife Resources .............................................................................................................................. 2-4 Vegetative Resources ....................................................................................................................................... 2-5 Threatened & Endangered Species .................................................................................................................. 2-7 Invasive Species ................................................................................................................................................ 2-8 Wetlands .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-8 Ecological Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 2-8 CULTURAL RESOURCES .......................................................................................................................................... 2-9 DEMOGRAPHICS ................................................................................................................................................. 2-10 Seasonal and Permanent Population ............................................................................................................. 2-11 Race ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-12 Age ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-13 Education ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-15 Labor Characteristics ...................................................................................................................................... 2-17 RECREATION ANALYSIS, FACILITIES, ACTIVITIES AND NEEDS ............................................................................... 2-21 Recreation Facilities ....................................................................................................................................... 2-21 Recreation Activities and Needs ..................................................................................................................... 2-22 Zone of Influence ............................................................................................................................................ 2-24 Visitation Profile ............................................................................................................................................. 2-26 Recreation Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 2-26 Recreational Carrying Capacity ...................................................................................................................... 2-26 REAL ESTATE ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-27 Acquisition Policy ........................................................................................................................................... 2-27 PERTINENT PUBLIC LAWS .................................................................................................................................... 2-27 General Laws and Authorities ........................................................................................................................ 2-28 Environmental Quality Statutes ..................................................................................................................... 2-29 Cultural Resource Statutes ............................................................................................................................. 2-35 CHAPTER 3 RESOURCE OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................... 3-1 ii CHAPTER 4 LAND ALLOCATION, LAND CLASSIFICATION, WATER SURFACE, AND PROJECT EASEMENT LANDS .... 4-1 LAND ALLOCATION ................................................................................................................................................ 4-1 LAND CLASSIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 4-1 CHAPTER 5 RESOURCE PLAN ............................................................................................................................... 5-1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-1 MANAGEMENT UNITS ........................................................................................................................................... 5-1 COLD BROOK LAKE PROJECT.................................................................................................................................. 5-3 Dam and Operations Structures (Cold Brook) .................................................................................................. 5-3 Southeast Management Area (Cold Brook) ..................................................................................................... 5-5 Low Density Recreation Area (Cold Brook) ....................................................................................................... 5-6 North Wildlife Management Unit (Cold Brook) ................................................................................................ 5-7 Argyle Road/Highway 16 (Cold Brook) ............................................................................................................