THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA KIGOMA REGION SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Joint Publication by: THE PLANNING COMMISSION DAR ES SALAAM and REGIONAL COMMISSIONER’S OFFICE KIGOMA TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages FOREWORD..........................................................................................................................v SECTION I 1.0 LAND, PEOPLE AND CLIMATE..........................................................................1 1.1 Geographical Location............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Land Area and Land Use......................................................................................... 1 1.3 Topography and Drainage...................................................................................... 2 1.4 Climate, Soils and Vegetation ................................................................................. 2 1.5 Agro- Economic Zones............................................................................................ 3 1.6 Administrative Units ................................................................................................ 6 1.7 Enthnicity................................................................................................................... 7 1.8 Population Characteristics ...................................................................................... 8 1.9 Migration and Employment................................................................................... 21 SECTION II 2.0 PRODUCTIVE SECTORS ...................................................................................25 2.1.0 The Regional Economy ............................................................................. 25 2:1.1 Introduction................................................................................................ 25 2.1.2 Regional GDP and Per Capital GDP......................................................... 25 2.2.0 Agriculture .................................................................................................. 30 2.3.0 Livestock Development ........................................................................... 43 2:4.0 Natural Resources...................................................................................... 47 2.4.2 Forestry ....................................................................................................... 47 2.4.3 Fishery ......................................................................................................... 51 2:4:4 Beekeeping.................................................................................................. 53 2.5.0 Industry and Trade.................................................................................... 55 i SECTION III 3.0 SOCIAL SERVICES ..............................................................................................57 3.1 EDUCATION........................................................................................................... 57 3.1.1 Primary Education...................................................................................... 57 3.1.2 Secondary Education ................................................................................ 69 3.1.3 Adult Education......................................................................................... 74 3.2 HEALTH .................................................................................................................. 78 3.2.1 Introduction................................................................................................ 78 3.2.2 Morbidity and Mortality........................................................................... 79 3.2.3 Health Infrastructure ................................................................................. 81 3.2.4 Child Immunization .................................................................................... 88 3.2.5 Child Nutrition............................................................................................ 89 3:2:6 Infant and Underfive Mortality................................................................ 91 3:2:7 Maternal Mortality..................................................................................... 95 3:2.8 AIDS ............................................................................................................ 98 3:2:9 Life Expectancy ........................................................................................ 100 3:2:10 Tuberculosis and Lesprosy.................................................................... 102 3.3 WATER SUPPLY....................................................................................................... 102 3.3.1 Introduction.............................................................................................. 102 3.3.2 Water Sources .......................................................................................... 103 3.3.3 Rural Water Supply ................................................................................. 104 3.3.4 Urban Water Supplies ............................................................................. 107 3.3.4 Sanitation .................................................................................................. 108 3.4.2 Rural Sanitation....................................................................................... 109 3.4.3 Urban Sanitation ...................................................................................... 110 SECTION IV 4.0 ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE................................................................... 112 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 112 4.2 Roads...................................................................................................................... 112 4.3 Railways................................................................................................................. 119 4.4 Air Services ........................................................................................................... 120 4.5 Marine Service ...................................................................................................... 121 4.6 Communication Facilities..................................................................................... 122 4.7 Energy .................................................................................................................... 122 ii SECTION V 5.0 OTHER DEVELOPMENT RELATED ISSUES .............................................. 125 5.1 Women and Development................................................................................... 125 5.2 Cooperatives ......................................................................................................... 128 5.3 Impact of Refugee on The Local Communities in Kigoma Region................ 131 5.4 NGO's Activities ................................................................................................... 133 5.5 Donor Funded Programmes .............................................................................. 134 SECTION VI 6.0 POTENTIAL INVES TMENT AREAS.............................................................. 138 6.1 Agriculture............................................................................................................. 138 6.2 Livestock................................................................................................................ 139 6.3 Forestry .................................................................................................................. 139 6.4 Beekeeping ............................................................................................................ 140 6.5 Fisheries ................................................................................................................. 141 6.6 Industrial Development ....................................................................................... 141 6.7 Roads...................................................................................................................... 141 6.8 Communication Network ..................................................................................... 142 6.9 Energy .................................................................................................................... 142 6.10 Health ..................................................................................................................... 143 6.11 Education............................................................................................................... 143 6.12 Water Supply ........................................................................................................ 144 6.13 Women and Development................................................................................... 145 6.14 Tourism and Widlife............................................................................................. 145 ANNEX A .......................................................................................................................... 146 Kigoma Region in a Nutshell. ............................................................................. 146 ANNEX B .......................................................................................................................... 158 Kasulu District Summary ....................................................................................