Volume X, No. 1 Spring Special Issue Global Health Governance The Scholarly Journal For The New Health Security Paradigm Special Issue: Climate Change and Global Health Governance Guest Editor: Robert L. Ostergard, Jr. Climate Change and Global Health Security: An Overview of the Scope and Issues Robert L. Ostergard, Jr. and Nicholas Seltzer Elevating the Status of Health in Global Environmental Politics: Securitizing the Nexus between Health and Climate Change Geoffrey B. Cockerham Is Climate Change Hampering Global Health Security? A Review of the Evidence Andrew Defor and Theresa Valerie Oheneba-Dornyo Compartmentalized Crises? Understanding the Relationship Between Climate Change Discourse and Governance of Infectious Disease Summer Marion Can We Weather the Health Risks of Climate Change Amidst Political Instability? Evidence and Lessons from Fragile- and Conflict-Affected States Yara M. Asi Climate Disasters Contaminate Women: Investigating Cross-National Linkages between Disasters, Food Insecurity, and Women’s HIV in Less-Developed Nations Kelly F. Austin, Mark D. Noble, and Laura A. McKinney Cholera, Conflict, Climate Variability and Implications on the Yemen Public Health System Destini M. Garrison, Radina P. Soebiyanto, Sarah Hutchinson, Assaf Anyamba and Tomoko Y. Steen Climate Change, International Migration, and Health Security: The Need for Smart and Synergistic Global Health Policies and Programmes in the Solomon Islands Sebastian Kevany Beyond the ‘ASEAN-Way’? Third-Sector Driven Governance Along SARS and Haze Pollution Thomas Lange Rethinking Project Management for Adaptation and Health in Southeast Asia Daniel Gilfillan www.ghgj.org THE SCHOLARLY JOURNAL FOR THE NEW HEALTH SECURITY PARADIGM PEER REVIEWED, OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL ISSN 1939-2389 GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE IS AN OPEN ACCESS, PEER-REVIEWED, ONLINE JOURNAL THAT PROVIDES A PLATFORM FOR ACADEMICS AND PRACTITIONERS TO EXPLORE GLOBAL HEALTH ISSUES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR GOVERNANCE AND SECURITY AT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS. THE JOURNAL PROVIDES INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSES AND A VIGOROUS EXCHANGE OF PERSPECTIVES THAT ARE ESSENTIAL TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGES AND THE STRATEGIES AIMED AT THEIR SOLUTION. THE JOURNAL IS PARTICULARLY INTERESTED IN ADDRESSING THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, MILITARY AND STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF GLOBAL HEALTH ISSUES. PUBLISHER THE SCHOOL OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, SETON HALL UNIVERSITY EDITOR YANZHONG HUANG GUEST EDITOR ROBERT L. OSTERGARD, JR. MANAGING EDITOR COURTNEY PAGE-TAN ASSOCIATE EDITORS ELIZAVETA HUTTENLOCHER CHARITY HUNG JENNA KARP JESSICA S KIERNAN GABRIELLA MELTZER JENNY DODSON MISTRY CAITLIN REID CECILIA ZVOSEC EDITORIAL BOARD OBIJIOFOR AGINAM KERMIT JONES UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY PERMANENTE MEDICINE MELY CABALLERO-ANTHONY ADAM KAMRADT-SCOTT NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY JOSHUA BUSBY UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS TIM K. MACKEY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO, JEAN-PAUL CHRETIEN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE US NAVY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE/ARMED FORCES HEALTH ROBERT MARTEN SURVEILLANCE CENTER LSHTM SARA DAVIES SUERIE MOON QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES SARA GORMAN JANSSEN GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH PETER NAVARIO NEW YORK UNIVERSITY’S COLLEGE OF KAREN A. GRÉPIN GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY ROBERT L. OSTERGARD, JR. EDUARDO J. GOMEZ UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, RENO KING'S COLLEGE LONDON SIMON RUSHTON GIGI KWIK GRONVALL UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DEVI SRIDHAR SUSAN HUBBARD THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH JAPAN CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE JOHN P. TUMAN UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA YANZHONG HUANG SETON HALL UNIVERSITY JEREMY YOUDE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE, VOLUME X, NO. 1 (SPECIAL ISSUE 2020) HTTP://WWW.GHGJ.ORG VOLUME X, NO. 1 2020 SPECIAL ISSUE SPECIAL ISSUE: CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE SCOPE AND ISSUES Robert L. Ostergard, Jr. and Nicholas Seltzer ......................................................... 5 ELEVATING THE STATUS OF HEALTH IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS: SECURITIZING THE NEXUS BETWEEN HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE Geoffrey B. Cockerham .............................................................................................. 24 IS CLIMATE CHANGE HAMPERING GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY? A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE Andrew Defor and Theresa Valerie Oheneba-Dornyo ............................................. 39 COMPARTMENTALIZED CRISES? UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE DISCOURSE AND GOVERNANCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE Summer Marion ......................................................................................................... 52 CAN WE WEATHER THE HEALTH RISKS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AMIDST POLITICAL INSTABILITY? EVIDENCE AND LESSONS FROM FRAGILE- AND CONFLICT-AFFECTED STATES Yara M. Asi ................................................................................................................. 69 CLIMATE DISASTERS CONTAMINATE WOMEN: INVESTIGATING CROSS-NATIONAL LINKAGES BETWEEN DISASTERS, FOOD INSECURITY, AND WOMEN’S HIV IN LESS-DEVELOPED NATIONS Kelly F. Austin and Laura McKinney ........................................................................ 85 GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE, VOLUME X, NO. 1 (SPECIAL ISSUE 2020) HTTP://WWW.GHGJ.ORG CHOLERA, CONFLICT, CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND IMPLICATIONS ON THE YEMEN PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM Destini M. Garrison, Radina P. Soebiyanto, Sarah Hutchinson, Assaf Anyamba and Tomoko Y. Steen ................................................................................................. 103 CLIMATE CHANGE, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, AND HEALTH SECURITY: THE NEED FOR SMART AND SYNERGISTIC GLOBAL HEALTH POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS Sebastian Kevany ...................................................................................................... 119 BEYOND THE ‘ASEAN-WAY’? THIRD-SECTOR DRIVEN GOVERNANCE ALONG SARS AND HAZE POLLUTION Thomas Lange ............................................................................................................ 128 RETHINKING PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ADAPTATION AND HEALTH IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Daniel Gilfillan ........................................................................................................... 141 GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE, VOLUME X, NO. 1 (SPECIAL ISSUE 2020) HTTP://WWW.GHGJ.ORG CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE SCOPE AND ISSUES Robert L. Ostergard, Jr. and Nicholas Seltzer The links between climate change and health security have been under investigation for decades. However, at its core, linking climate change to health security faces a number of complex obstacles, most of which are linked to the indirect nature and the temporal challenges in the relationship. This relationship has significant ramifications for people and states that include the impact on bioorganisms and viral transmission, agriculture and food supplies, and social interactions such as poverty, migration, and conflict. This article provides an overview of the complex relationships that emerge from the climate change and health security nexus, while serving as an introduction to the wide-ranging articles that appear in this volume. We conclude with policy recommendations and im- plications of the climate change and health security relationship. INTRODUCTION1 In 2009, The Lancet published the first in a series of commission reports on the health impacts of climate change.2 It was the longest single piece ever published in The Lancet at that time, offering a full-throated justification for its principle conclusion: climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. The subsequent 2015 report reaffirmed these conclusions and presented as robust a picture as possible of the emerging scientific understanding of the linkages between climate and health, as well as affirmative policy steps forward to address them.3 The linkage between climate and human health outcomes is not tenuous and is potentially as profound as the impact of climate change on ecosystems and overall planetary health. Climate plays a central aspect in the ecological systems on which human systems rely, from hydrological systems that provide the quantity and quality of water populations depend on, to spatial distributions of species and their associated pathogens, and even the predictability of the timing and severity of extreme weather events. However, correctly anticipating the influence of a changing climate on human health outcomes is challenging due to complex interactions between climatic, biotic, and human systems. This research begins with an overview of the nexus between climate change and health and subsequently considers potential ramifications for global security. It concludes with a discussion on policy steps to mitigate the risks to health posed by climate change, including some measures which may even yield overall health improvements, or what are known as health co-benefits. The difficulty in anticipating the health impacts of climate change is because the preponderance of the causal links between the two are indirect and complex, mediated through both the biosphere and human social systems. Direct effects, such as health risks associated with extreme weather events like storms, drought, floods, and heatwaves can be more easily tracked. However, changes in environmental conditions