CAPSTONE 20-2 Europe Field Study Subject Page Turkey ..................................................................... 3 Norway...................................................................63 Germany ..............................................................115 Combatant Command ..........................................169 National Security Strategy .....................................205 1 This page intentionally blank 2 Turkey Subject Page Ambassador David M. Satterfield .............................. 5 US Relations with Turkey ........................................... 7 Economist Intelligence Unit Country Report ............. 11 BBC Country Profile Timeline .................................. 51 Jane's Armed Forces ..................... ......................... 57 3 This page intentionally blank 4 12/28/2019 U.S. Ambassador David M. Satterfield | U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Turkey U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Turkey U.S. Ambassador David M. Sattereld Ambassador Sattereld was conrmed as U.S. Ambassador to Turkey on June 27, 2019. Sattereld entered the Foreign Service in 1980 and holds the rank of Career Minister. He most recently served from June until July 2019 as Senior Advisor to the Secretary of State. He served as Acting Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs from September 2017 to June 2019, and from July 2009 until August 2017 as the Director General of the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) in the Sinai Peninsula. At the Department of State, Sattereld served as Coordinator for Iraq and Senior Advisor to the Secretary of State, U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission in Iraq, Assistant Secretary of State (Acting) for Near Eastern Affairs, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, Chief of Mission in Cairo, and U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon. His Middle East experience spans almost forty years and also includes assignments in Syria, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia and two tours in Lebanon. Ambassador Sattereld served as Director of Arab and Arab-Israeli Affairs in the Department of State and as Director for Near Eastern Affairs on the National Security Council Staff from 1993 to 1996, where he worked primarily on the Arab-Israeli peace process. He is the recipient of the Secretary of State’s Distinguished Service Award, the Department of State Distinguished Honor Award, the Presidential Distinguished Executive Award and the Department of the Army Outstanding Civilian Service Award. His languages include Arabic and French. Ambassador Sattereld attended the University of Maryland and Georgetown University. This is the ocial website of the U.S. Embassy and Consulates in Turkey. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. 5 https://tr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/ This page intentionally blank 6 1/17/2020 U.S. Relations With Turkey - United States Department of State Travelers Menu Searc TURKEY U.S. RelAtions With Turkey BILATERAL RELATIONS FACT SHEET BUREAU OF EUROPEAN AND EURASIAN AFFAIRS MARCH 27, 2019 Share More information about Turkey is available on the Turkey Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet. U.S.-TURKEY RELATIONS The U.S.-Turkey friendship dates to 1831, when the United States established diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire. After World War I and the founding of the Turkish Republic, the United States established diplomatic relations with Turkey in 1927. The Economic and Technical Cooperation agreement – signed July 12, 1947 between the United States and Turkey – advanced the relationship further. The agreement implemented the Truman Doctrine and its policy “to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” The United States condemned the July 15, 2016, coup attempt in Turkey and continues to emphasize the importance of Turkish government responses that build public trust in Turkey’s democratic institutions and the rule of law consistent with human rights’ 7 https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-turkey/ 1/17/2020 U.S. Relations With Turkey - United States Department of State commitments. Turkey is a key NATO Ally and critical regional partner, and the United States is committed to improving the relationship between our two countries. It is in our interest to keep Turkey anchored to the Euro-Atlantic community. Security Cooperation Turkey is an important U.S. security partner. Turkey has been a valued North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Ally since 1952. Turkey is a leader in the Alliance’s Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan and serves as NATO’s vital eastern anchor, controlling (in accordance with international conventions) the straits of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, which link the Black Sea with the Mediterranean. Turkey is engaged in intensive efforts to defeat terrorist organizations both inside and outside its borders, including the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), the Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front (DHKP-C), and ISIS. As a vital member of the Defeat ISIS Coalition, Turkey opened its military bases to the United States and Coalition partners in July 2015. Since that time, Incirlik Air Base has been critical in the effort to degrade and ultimately destroy ISIS in Syria and Iraq. Turkey contributes to international security alongside U.S. forces in Afghanistan, the seas bordering Somalia, and in the Mediterranean. Turkey borders Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, and is a key partner for U.S. policy in the surrounding region. Bilateral Economic Relations Although overall U.S.-Turkey trade jumped from $10.8 billion in 2009 to $20.5 billion in 2018, it remains modest compared to its potential. In 2017, Turkey was the United States’ 28th largest goods export market and its 34th largest supplier of goods imports. Turkey is the 10th largest purchaser of U.S. LNG exports worldwide and an emerging regional energy hub. The top categories of U.S. exports to Turkey include aircraft, mineral fuels, iron and steel, machinery, cotton, and agriculture. The top import categories from Turkey include machinery, vehicles, carpet and other textile coverings, iron and steel and their products, agriculture, and stone, plaster, cement. Reported U.S. direct investment in Turkey is led by manufacturing, wholesale trade, and finance and insurance. 8 https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-turkey/ 1/17/2020 U.S. Relations With Turkey - United States Department of State Although not a member of the European Union (EU), Turkey has a customs union with the EU. Turkey’s Membership in International Organizations Turkey hosted the G20 in 2015. Turkey is a member of NATO, the UN, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Council, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Turkey also is an observer to the Organization of American States, a Dialogue Partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and a sectoral dialogue partner of the Association of Southeastern Asian Nations (ASEAN). Turkey is a candidate for EU membership and is working towards accession. The United States is convinced that a Turkey that meets EU membership criteria would be good for the EU, and that Turkey’s efforts to meet those criteria is good for Turkey. Bilateral Representation Principal embassy officials are listed in the Department’s Key Officers List. Turkey maintains an embassy in the United States at 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, tel. (202) 612-6700. More information about Turkey is available from the Department of State and other sources, some of which are listed here: CIA World Factbook Turkey Page U.S. Embassy History of U.S. Relations With Turkey U.S. Census Bureau Foreign Trade Statistics Export.gov International Offices Page Library of Congress Country Studies Travel Information 9 https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-turkey/ This page intentionally blank 10 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Country Report Turkey Generated on January 23rd 2020 Economist Intelligence Unit 20 Cabot Square London E14 4QW United Kingdom _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For 60 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The Economist Intelligence Unit delivers its information in four ways: through its digital portfolio, where the latest analysis is updated daily; through printed subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through research reports; and by organising seminars and presentations. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 20 Cabot Square The Economist Group London 750 Third