GuidanceGuidance onon WasteWaste ManagementManagement duringduring aa shorelineshoreline pollutionpollution incidentincident operational guidelines Investing in our common future Waste management Operational guidelines Guidance on Waste Management during a shoreline pollution incident OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES This guide was written and produced by Cedre, the Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution, within the framework of the ARCOPOL project with financial support and advice from Pembrokeshire County Council and the Environment Agency Wales. Cedre is grateful to REMPEC and IPIECA for their authorization to exploit extracts of their publications entitled "Mediterranean Oil Spill Waste Management Guidelines" ou "Guidelines for oil spill waste minimization and management". The authors would also like to acknowledge the contribution of: Environment Agency Wales Maritime and Coastguard Agency The information contained in this guide is the result of Cedre’s research and expe- Cover photo: Containers on the beach after the MSC Napoli incident. rience. Cedre cannot be held responsible for the consequences resulting from the Source: Courtesy of MCA use of information contained in this publication. All rights reserved. The formatting, photos, figures and tables (unless stated otherwise) are copyrighted and the property of Cedre and cannot be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission of Cedre. The text within this guide is the property of Cedre and Pembrokeshire County Council and cannot be reproduced or used without acknowledgements and prior permission. Reference this guide as follows: KREMER X. Guidance on Waste Management during a shoreline pollution incident. Operational Guidelines. Brest: Cedre, 2011, 83 p. Legal deposit upon publication. Printed by Cloître Imprimeurs, 29800 Saint Thonan Publication: December 2011 3 Waste management Operational guidelines Purpose of this guide In the event of an accidental shoreline pollution The aim of this guide is to assist decision makers incident, clean-up operations inevitably generate and operational responders in the initial stages a variety of waste materials, sometimes in great of the emergency response by providing them quantities. The management of waste, up to with concise information on all aspects and and including its final disposal, and the complete phases of waste management following a mari- restoration of all sites can cause major problems time pollution incident. for responders. This guidance focuses in certain areas on oily The options chosen must be in accordance with waste, but the principles should also be applied the regulations in force and ensure traceability to the management of hazardous and noxious throughout the entire chain. Communication substances (HNS) and large quantities of non- should be rapid, accurate and transparent. polluting waste (e.g. timber/plastics) resulting from maritime incidents. It is essential to make appropriate decisions in the early stages in order to control and manage This guide is intended for responders and mana- the situation and avoid hindering clean-up ope- gers working within strategic and tactical res- rations. ponse groups as well as operational responders on the ground. This facilitates the operations in progress and helps to reduce the duration, cost of the crisis and its impact on reputation. Waste management is often the longest and most costly operation involved in clean-up after a major oil or HNS spill. 4 Waste management Operational guidelines Table of contents Purpose of this guide 4 Structure 6 A REGULATORY CONTEXT 7 A.1 - International and European regulatory context 8 A.2 - UK regulatory context 9 A.3 - National response structure 10 A.4 - Claims and compensation 11 A B WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 15 B.1 - Aims 16 B.2 - The ‘Waste Hierarchy’ 17 B.3 - Waste management key points 18 B.4 - Origin and category of waste collected 19 B.5 - Waste management steps: upstream phase 21 B B.6 - Pre-treatment, treatment and disposal: downstream phase 28 C PRACTICAL daTASHEETS 31 C.1 - Organising a clean-up worksite 33 C.2 - Worksite record keeping 35 C.3 - Cleaning up polluted shorelines 37 C.4 - Minimising waste during recovery 41 C C.5 - Decontaminating personnel and equipment 43 C.6 - Temporary waste storage 45 C.7 - Moving hazardous waste & tracking documentation 47 C.8 - Intermediate waste storage 49 C.9 - Long term waste storage 51 C.10 - Waste treatment options 53 D D FeedbacK daTASHEETs 55 D.1 - Sea Empress 57 D.2 - Erika 59 D.3 - Prestige 61 D.4 - JIYEH power plant 63 D.5 - MSC Napoli 65 E D.6 - Ievoli Sun 67 D.7 - Ece 69 D.8 - Allegra 71 D.9 - Fénès 73 D.10 - Ice Prince 75 E FUTHER INFORMATION 77 E.1 - Glossary and acronyms 78 E.2 - Bibliography and useful websites 80 5 Waste management Operational guidelines Structure This guide is made up of four main sections: The two central sections B & C are designed • Section A on the regulatory context. according to the chronological order of opera- • Sections B & C on waste management acti- tions which are divided into two main phases: vities. • Upstream phase. • Section D on feedback from past accidents. • Downstream phase. A fifth section E gives some complementary The upstream phase includes collection, trans- information. portation and storage while the downstream phase consists of pollutant treatment and ulti- mate disposal. UPSTREAM PHASE A / B1 to B5 / C, Practical datasheets 1 to 9 ASSESSMENT/DECISION COLLECTION TRANSPORTATION STORAGE DOWNSTREAM PHASE B6 / C, Practical datasheet 10 UPGRADING OR treatment ULTIMATE DISPOSAL The upstream phase should take place at the on the performance of the downstream same time as operations begin. It incorporates: phase. • Temporary storage facilities, in the imme- • Transportation between storage sites. diate vicinity of the site and linked to the A weak link in this chain will reduce the res- duration of the site. ponse capacity of the whole process. • Intermediate storage facilities, serving seve- ral primary storage sites, set up a few hun- The implementation of the downstream phase dred metres or even several kilometres from can be deferred. This stage includes: the clean-up sites (these intermediate sto- • Treatment processes, with different pro- rage sites are closed once operations on the cedures suitable for different waste types. clean-up sites have been completed). • Disposal of treated waste. • Final storage area(s), pooling all the separa- • Restoration of sites dedicated to temporary, ted polluted waste from one geographical intermediate or final storage. area, which can last over a year depending 6 Waste management Operational guidelines Regulatory context A International and European regulatory context A1 UK regulatory context A2 National response structure A3 Claims and compensation A4 7 Waste management Operational guidelines International and European regulatory context Basel Convention • Ensure that the cost of disposal is borne by the waste holder in accordance with the The Basel Convention on the Control of A1 polluter pays principle. Transboundary Movements of Hazardous • Ensure that waste carriers are registered. Wastes and their Disposal was adopted on 22 March 1989, entered into force in 1992 Hazardous Waste Directive at an international level and on 7 February Since the enforcement of the Hazardous Waste- 1994 for the European Economic Community Directive 91/689/EEC, recently replaced by the (EEC). Its overarching objective is to lay down Directive 2008/98/EC (articles 17 - 20), environ- rules to control, at an international level, trans- mental regulators in the member states are under boundary movements of wastes hazardous to a duty imposed by the respective administrations human health and the environment, and their to take the necessary steps to mitigate or avert disposal as well as to reduce the volume of such an emergency or grave danger. As members of exchanges. any National Contingency Plan Waste Group, the regulator will have an important role in ensuring Waste Framework Directive that all reasonably practical steps necessary or The revised EU Waste framework directive expedient are taken. This will include ensuring 2008/98/EC establishes a framework for the early removal, or in situ treatment or transfer of management of waste across the European bulk oily waste into interim storage. In exercising Community. It also defines certain terms, such these functions, records must be kept of those as 'waste', 'recovery' and 'disposal', to ensure actions the regulator deems expedient. that a uniform approach is taken across the EU. European Waste Catalogue Codes It requires Member States to: In preparation for disposal, the categories of • Give priority to waste prevention and encou- wastes generated will need to be cross-refe- rage reuse and recovery of waste. renced to the European Waste Catalogue (EWC). • Ensure that waste is recovered or disposed The actual reference will need to be identified of without endangering human health and once information is available on the waste type without using processes which could harm and how it has been produced. the environment. • Prohibit the uncontrolled disposal of waste, ensure that waste management activities are permitted (unless specifically exempt). • Establish an integrated and adequate network of disposal installations. • Prepare waste management plans. 8 Waste management Operational guidelines UK regulatory context The planning, design, construction, operation • The Control of