Troject 2001' - Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space Recommendations and condushns to develop thepresent State ofthe law Edited by Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel Proceedings of an International Colloquium Cologne, May 29-31, 2001 to present conclusions of Troject 2001' - a Joint international research project by the Institute of Air and Space Law University of Cologne and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR (German Aerospace Center) Carl Heymanns Verlag KG • Köln • Berlin • Bonn • München Table of Contents Preface V Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel, Director of the Institute of Air and Space Law and Holder of the Chair for International Business Law, University of Cologne Table of Contents VII A. Opening Session 1. Welcome Address 1 Gabriele Behler, Minister of Schools, Science and Research of the State North Rhine-Westphalia 2. Welcome and Introduction 3 Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel, Director of the Institute of Air and Space Law and Holder of the Chair for International Business Law, University of Cologne 3. Welcome Address 7 Walter Kröll, Chairman of the Board of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne 4. Welcome Address 11 Tassilo Küpper, Rector of the University of Cologne 5. Welcome Address 15 Peter J. Tettinger, Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Cologne B. Reports on the Relevant Work of Other Institutions Chair: Prof. Vladimir Kopal, Professor of Law, University of Pilsen 1. The Work of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space 17 Vladimir Kopal, Professor of Law, University of Pilsen, Chairman of UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee 2. United Nations Office for Outer Space Äffairs 27 Mazlan Othman, Director of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Äff airs VII Contents 3. Report on Relevant Work of the International Institute of Space Law (IISL) 35 Frans G. von der Dunk, Director, IISL 4. The Role of the International Law Association in the Development of the Law of Outer Space 37 Maureen Williams, Rapporteur of the ILA Space Law Committee 5. The European Centre for Space Law (ECSL) 47 Gabriel Lafferranderie, Chairman of ECSL 6. Procedural Programme of 'Project 2001' 51 Susanne U. Reif, Coordinator of Project 2001 C. Reports and Proposais of 'Project 2001' Working Groups Chairs: Prof. Dr. Herbert Kronke (Panels I-IV), Secretary General, International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), Rome Judge Vladlen S. Vereshchetin (Panels V-VI), International Court of Justice, The Hague I. Panel Working Group on Launch and Associated Services 1. Report of the 'Project 2001' Working Group on Launch and Associated Services 55 Christian Kohlhase, formerly Legal Adviser at DLR, Cologne Philip S. Makiol, Senior Research Associate, Institute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne Annex to the Working Group Report: Legal Problems Related to a Combined Use of Airspace by Air- and Spacecraft 103 Marina Köster, Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing, Bonn Annex to the Working Group Report: Responsibility and Liability - Need for National Regulation (incl. Harmonisation) 109 Kai-Uwe Schrogl, Head, Corporate Development and External Relations, DLR, Cologne Annex to the Working Group Report: Regulation of the European Launch Industry- The Legal Framework for Launch Services in Europe 113 Gabriel Lafferranderie, Legal Adviser, ESA, Paris VIII Contents 2. Launch Services and Satellite Export Controls: Recent Developments in the U.S. 121 H. Peter van Fenema, Adjunct Professor of Law, McGill University, Montreal 3. Launch Services Agreements - Anything New? 127 Thomas Beer, ESA, Paris 4. Sharing the Risk of Space Activities: Three Questions, Three Solutions 135 Ärmel Kerrest, Professeur des Universites, Institut de Droit des Espaces et des Telecommunications, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest 5. Risk Distribution in Launch Services Agreements - Some Comments from a Launch Services Provider's Perspective 139 Matthias Oehm, Director, Contracts & Finance, Eurockot Launch Services GmbH, Bremen 6. Panel Working Group on Launch and Associated Services: Summary of General Discussion 143 Philip S. Makiol, Senior Research Associate, Institute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne II. Panel Working Group on Remote Sensing 1. Report ofthe 'Project 2001' Working Group on Remote Sensing 145 Wulf von Kries, Head, International Relations, DLR, Cologne Isabel Polley, Senior Research Associate, DLR, Cologne 2. Legal and Policy Issues in Satellite Remote Sensing 165 Ray A. Williamson, Research Professor of Space Policy and International Affairs, Space Policy Institute of the George Washington University, Washington 3. The Status of Satellite Remote Sensing in International Treaties 179 Marco Ferrazzani, Senior Legal Administrator, ESA, Paris 4. Panel Working Group on Remote Sensing: Summary of General Discussion... 199 Jürgen Cloppenburg, Senior Research Associate, Institute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne III. Panel Working Group on Telecommunication 1. Report ofthe 'Project 2001'Working Group on Telecommunication 201 Ulrike M. Bohlmann, Senior Research Associate, Institute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne IX Contents Kai-Uwe Schrogl, Head, Corporate Development and External Relations, DLR, Cologne Ilaria Zilioli, formerly Legal Research Associate, DLR, Cologne Annex to the Working Group Report: The Reform ofthe European Telecom Licensing Regime: What Vision for the Futuret 245 Stephan Le Goueff, [email protected], Luxembourg 2. The ITU's Contribution through its WRC 2000 in Istanbul to the Legal Framework for Commercial Space Activities 255 Alfons A. E. Noll, Attorney-at-Law, former Legal Adviser of the ITU, Geneva 3. On the Reform ofthe ITU and the Commercial Use of Space 259 Francis Lyall, Professor of Public Law, University of Aberdeen 4. International Satellite Telecommunications: An Assessment of their Past and Future 283 Sylvia Ospina, International Telecommunications Space Law Consultant, Miami 5. Weaving a Legal Web in Space: Factorsfor Globalizing Governance 305 Larry F. Martinez, Associate Professor of Political Science, California State University, Long Beach 6. Panel Working Group on Telecommunication: Summary of General Discussion 321 Ulrike M. Bohlmann, Senior Research Associate, Institute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne IV. Panel Working Group on Space Stations 1. Report ofthe 'Project 2001' Working Group on Space Stations 323 Wilfried Ley, Dean, Aeronautical and Astronautical Technology, Uni- versity of Applied Sciences, Aachen Wilhelm Stoffel, Senior Research Associate, Chair for International Business Law, University of Cologne Annex to the Working Group Report: Utilisation Aspects oflSS 365 Walter Peeters, European Astronaut Centre, ESA, Cologne Annex to the Working Group Report: Competition Policy and the International Space Station 375 Alan C. Swan, Professor of Law, Miami School of Law Contents 2. International Space Station Utilisation: Current Legal Issues 387 Andre Farand, Administrator, Legal Department, ESA, Paris 3. Panel Working Group on Space Stations - Remarks 395 E. Jason Steptoe, Associate General Counsel, Commercial and International Law Division, NASA, Washington V. Panel Working Group on Privatisation 1. Report ofthe 'Project 2001' Working Group Report on Privatisation 405 Susanne U. Reif, Senior Research Associate, Institute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Head, Legal and Business Support/Project Activities, DLR, Cologne Kathrin Wannenmacher, Legal Adviser, DLR, Cologne 2. Privatization of International Satellite Organizations 501 David Sagar, Space Law Consultant, London 3. Legal Regulation of Commercial Space Activities in Russia 511 Sergei F. Teselkin, Chief Expert, Russian Aviation and Space Agency, Moskow 4. Nationality of Transnational Corporations and Space Law - in the Light of the Economic Globalisation Process 521 Peter Malanczuk, Professor of Law, University of Hong Kong 5. Panel Working Group on Privatisation: Summary of General Discussion 525 Susanne U. Reif, Senior Research Associate, Institute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne 6. Panel Working Group on Privatisation: Closing Remarks 527 V. S. Vereshchetin, Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague VI. Panel Working Group on National Space Legislation 1. Report ofthe 'Project 2001' Working Group on National Space Legislation.... 529 Michael Gerhard, Senior Research Associate, DLR, Cologne Kai-Uwe Schrogl, Head, Corporate Development and External Relations, DLR, Cologne XI Contents Annex to the Working Group Report: Current Plans for National Space Laws - Germany 565 Karl-Friedrich Nagel, Federal Ministry for Education and Research, Bonn Annex to the Working Group Report: International and National Space Law 571 Vladimir Kopal, Professor of Law, University of Pilsen 2. The Legal Basis for National Space Legislation - With Special Reference to the Old/New Norwegian Act on Launching Objects from Norwegian Territory into Outer Space 575 Frans G. von der Dunk, Co-Director of the Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University 3. UK Outer Space Act 1986: Scope and Implementation 579 Roger Close, Manager, Regulatory Affairs, British National Space Centre, London 4. French Current Plans for a National Space Legal Framework 591 Phillipe Clerc, Space and Aeronautical Department, Ministry of Research, Paris 5. The Industry's Views Regarding National Space Legislation 601 Elmar Wins, Legal Counsel, Finance, Control & Legal Directorate, Astrium GmbH, Munich Kay-Uwe Hoerl, Contracts Officer,