PROCEEDINGS CHALLENGES IN THE 21st CENTURY : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES #9 9th International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences. thICHiSS May 26 2017, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand Proceedings The 9th International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences “Challenges in the 21st Century: Sustainable Development in Multicultural Societies” May 26th, 2017 The 60th Anniversary of His Majesty the King’s Accession to the Throne International Convention Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand The 9th International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences Co-Organizers: Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University Faculty of Defence Studies and Management, National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University Faculty of Liberal Arts, Mahidol University Faculty of Humanities,Chiang Mai University Committee: Prof. Dr.Peter Burns University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom Asst. Prof. Dr. Alejandro Azocar University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA Assoc. Prof. Ron Fischer Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Paul Gruba The University of Melbourne, USA Assoc. Prof. Dr. Shin, Keun Hye Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea Dr.Mark W. Neal University of London, United Kingdom Asst.Prof.Dr.Mladen Pecujlija University of novi sad, Novi Sad Assoc.Prof. Dr. Jessica Ong Hai Liaw National Defence University of Malaysia Lt Col Zamri bin Ismail National Defence University of Malaysia Mrs. Norlaila Mazura bt. Mohaiyadin National Defence University of Malaysia Major Wong Wai Loong National Defence University of Malaysia Dr.Amnah Saayah bt. Ismail National Defence University of Malaysia Ms. Khairunnisa bt. Mardzuki National Defence University of Malaysia Asst. Prof.Dr.Kemtong Singwongsuwat Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nisakorn Charumanee Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adisa Teo Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kasetchai Laeheem Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Assoc. Prof. Jureerata Buakaew Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Chonlada Laohawiriyanon Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Malee Sabaiying Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Chanokporn Angsuviriya Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Dr.Kathleen Nicoletti Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Dr.Kristof Savski Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Rattana Jantoa Khon Kaen University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Wipawee Grisanaputi Khon Kaen University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Puttharak Prabnok Khon Kaen University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Aphilak Kasampolkoon Mahidol University, Thailand Dr.Chantarath Hongboontri Mahidol University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Rungpat Roengpita Mahidol University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Bordin Chinda Chiang Mai University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Veerawan Wongpinpech Chiang Mai University, Thailand Asst. Narong Sikhiram Chiang Mai University, Thailand Assoc. Prof. Suchada Nimmannit Rangsit English Language Institute, Thailand Readers: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Buapun Promphakping Khon Kaen University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Chidchanok Churngchow Prince of Songkla University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Kanokwan Manorom Ubon Ratchathani University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Kasetchai Laeheem Prince of Songkla University King Mongkut's University of Technology Assoc.Prof.Dr. Kunitda Thammwipat Thonburi Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nisakorn Charumanee Prince of Songkla University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Paul Gruba The University of Melbourne Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ron Fischer Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Assoc.Prof.Dr. Somsak Srisontisuk Khon Kaen University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Wanchai Dhammasaccakarn Prince of Songkla University Assoc.Prof. Jureerata Buakaew Prince of Songkla University King Mongkut's University of Technology Asst.Prof.Dr. Atipat Boonmoh Thonburi Asst.Prof.Dr. Chonlada Laohawiriyanon Prince of Songkla University Asst.Prof.Dr. Jawanit Kittitornkoal Prince of Songkla University Asst.Prof.Dr. Kanda Janyam Prince of Songkla University Asst.Prof.Dr. Kemtong Sinwongsuwat Prince of Songkla University Asst.Prof.Dr. Malee Sabaiying Prince of Songkla University Asst.Prof.Dr. Montana Pipatpen Thaksin University Asst.Prof.Dr. Rewwadee Petsirasan Walailak University Asst.Prof.Dr. Rungpat Roengpita Mahidol University King Mongkut's University of Technology Asst.Prof.Dr. Wareesiri Singhasiri Thonburi Asst.Prof.Dr. Weerachat Soopunyo Kasetsart University Asst.Prof.Dr. Wipawee Grisanaput Khon Kaen University Asst.Prof.Dr.Kwanchewan Buadaeng Chiang Mai University Dr. Chaowana Petcharat Chiang Mai University Dr. Jaggapan Cadchumsang Mahidol University, Dr. Kristof Savski Prince of Songkla University Dr. Onanong Longpichai Prince of Songkla University Dr. Saranphat Wongput Chiang Mai University Dr. Thunradee Taveekan Prince of Songkla University Dr. Utai Parinyasutinun Prince of Songkla University Dr. Wisanupong Potipiroon Prince of Songkla University Maj Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Azan Bin Ridzuan National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Lt Col Dr. Inderjit Singh S/O Tara Singh National Defence University of Malaysia, (Retired) Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan Al-Banna Mohamed National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adam Leong Kok Wey National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Maj Dr. Vikneswaran S/O Munikanan National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Dr. Salma Yusof National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Dr. Amnah Saayah Ismail National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Maj Wong Wai Loong National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Mr. Mohd Kamarul Amree Mohd Sarkam National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Ms. Norshaheeda Binti Mohd Noor National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Ms. Khairunnisa Binti Mardzuki National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Ms. Norlaila Mazura Binti Hj. Mohaiyadin National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia Dr. Sharil Nizam Bin Sha’ri Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Published by Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90112 Tel./Fax: +66 7428 6675 E-mail: [email protected] Year: 2017 ISSN: 1906-9448 Welcome Message from the Dean Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Kanda Janyam On May 26, 2017, the 9th International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences (ICHiSS) is being held at the 60th Anniversary of His Majesty the King’s Accession to the Throne International Convention Center, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. The conference aims at providing a venue for academics, researchers, and graduate students to exchange their knowledge and experience, as well as to publicize their research in the fields of humanities and social sciences. Through all discussions and exchanges in the conference, it is hoped that we can develop and enrich our knowledge in humanities and social sciences as well as promote networking among people in these fields. To make this possible, it is important to work cooperatively with scholars and institutions worldwide. The world is getting connected in every corner. More knowledge is waiting to be explored. Under the theme “Challenges in the 21st Century: Sustainable Development in Multicultural Societies”, the conference presenters discuss issues from various areas such as business management, community and social development, culture, digital technologies in education, ethnography, language teaching and learning, politics, and more. This year there are papers from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Hong Kong, India, and the Philippines. This event would not be possible without the cooperation among the institutions. It is the honor of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand to organize the conference in conjunction with leading institutions including the Faculty of Defence Studies and Management, National Defence University of Malaysia and our three partners from Thailand, namely the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University; the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Mahidol University, and the Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University. On behalf of the organizer, I would like to express our great appreciation to all delegations, keynote speakers, presenters, and participants for attending the conference. I look forward to seeing you again next year at the 10th annual conference in Malaysia. i Keynote Speaker (Professor Dr. Kanok Wongtrangan) Education - Ph.D. (Political Science), The Johns Hopkins University, U.S.A. Kanok had served as University Council Board Member in many universities, such as, Khon Kean University, Ubonrajathani University, and Assumption University, Thailand. He initiated many key projects impacting on the Thai higher education system, e.g., Long-term Development Plan of Higher Education, Education Through IT Network, ASEAN University Network at Ministry of University Affairs. He worked as consultant to many government departments and ministries in developing their strategic plan and organization development, such as, Department of Public Works, Department of Corrections, and Department of Public Relations. He also has introduced Provincial Strategic Development Plan to the Ministry of Interior which is still in effect today. For over 30 years, Professor Kanok has given lectures to many universities, government agencies, private companies and non-profit organizations.