POND MANAGEMENT FNR-584 / PPP-128 / IISG19-RCE-RLA-062 Indiana Pond Fish Species Identification Authors Mitchell Zischke, Tevin Tomlinson, Fred Whitford, David Osborne and Jarred Brooke Indiana Pond Fish Species Identification This guide will help you identify commonly stocked fish and problem fish that may be encountered in Indiana ponds. More information on fish identification and pond management can be found at extension.purdue.edu/pondwildlife Commonly Stocked Fish: Four fish species are recommended for stocking in Indiana ponds: Bluegill, Redear Sunfish, Largemouth Bass and Channel Catfish. These species provide good fishing opportunities and promote sustainable fish populations. Bluegill Redear Sunfish Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Other Stocked Fish: Three other fish species may be stocked in Indiana ponds under certain situations: Fathead Minnows, Grass Carp and Tilapia. Careful consideration should be made before stocking these species. Problem Fish Species: Many fish species are not well suited to pond environments and can cause a number of problems, including overpopulation, competition with desirable species, and habitat destruction. Problem pond fish species include some sunfishes, crappie, Yellow Perch, bullheads, Gizzard Shad, carp and suckers. POND MANAGEMENT Sunfishes Bluegill Redear Sunfish Pumpkinseed No cheek No cheek Blue cheek lines lines lines Small Small Small mouth mouth mouth Dark vertical bars No distinct bars Black ear flap Long pectoral fins Red edge Red edge Long pectoral on ear flap Long pectoral fins on ear flap fins Green Sunfish Warmouth Longear Sunfish Short pectoral fins Short pectoral fins Long ear flap with white edge Black ear flap Red eye Large Large Small mouth mouth mouth Short Blue/white cheek lines Brown cheek lines pectoral Blue cheek lines fins Sunfishes Sunfishes are thin, deep-bodied fishes that typically have an olive-green back that transitions to a yellow- white underside. All species have an “ear flap” that extends off their gill plate. Key features for identification include specific patterns on their sides and cheeks, ear flap color, mouth size and length of the pectoral fins. While size varies by species, sunfishes commonly grow to 6-8 inches in well-managed Indiana ponds. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) often have dark vertical Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) lack dark bars on their sides and blue edges to their gill plate and vertical bars on their sides and blue wavy lines on their jaw. They have an entirely black ear flap and a small cheeks. Their ear flap is black but with a distinct red mouth. They have long pectoral fins that extend past edge. They have a small mouth. Their long pectoral fins the eye when folded forward. extend past the eye. Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) may have dark ver- Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) have blue lines on tical bars on their sides and blue or white lines on their their cheek and dark blotches on their sides. They have a cheeks. They have a large mouth and a black ear flap red edge on their ear flap. They are typically more colorful with a white or red edge. They have short pectoral fins than redear and their ear flap is shorter than longear that do not extend past the eye when folded forward. sunfish. They have a small mouth and long pectoral fins. Warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) are predominantly brown Longear Sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) are often the most in color with dark blotches on their sides. They have colorful of the sunfishes, with iridescent blue splotches brown lines on their cheeks and a red eye. Their ear flap and lines on their cheeks and sides. They can also have is relatively small and can have a white or red edge. They vertical bars. They have an elongated ear flap with a white have a large mouth and short pectoral fins similar to edge. They have a small mouth and short pectoral fins. green sunfish. POND MANAGEMENT Other Panfish Tilapia Yellow Perch Black blotch on rear Long, continuous dorsal fin of first dorsal fin Upturned Medium-sized mouth mouth Orange colored Dark pectoral, pelvic vertical & anal fins bars White Crappie Black Crappie 6 dorsal spines 7-8 dorsal spines Black 7-9 grey, vertical bars blotches Other Panfish Other panfish are common in Indiana rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Bluegill and Redear Sunfish are the best panfish for Indiana ponds. However, other panfish may be suitable in some situations. Tilapia can help control algae and provide a good source of food for pond owners; however, they die once water drops below 55°F. Yellow Perch commonly cause competition and overpopulation problems and are not recommended for Indiana ponds. Crappie can cause similar problems to Yellow Perch and should only be considered for ponds larger than 10 acres. Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) are a deep-bodied fish that Yellow Perch (Perca flavascens) have an olive-green range in color from pink to grey with reddish-brown back, yellow sides and a white underside. They have fins. Juveniles may have dark vertical bars, but these 6-9 dark vertical bars along their sides and a black disappear in adults. A distinct characteristic of Tilapia blotch on the rear of their first dorsal fin. Their pectoral, is their long, continuous dorsal fin. They also have an pelvic and anal fins may be orange. Their mouth is upturned mouth. Tilapia can reach 3-4 pounds in one smaller than Largemouth Bass but larger than that of growing season in Indiana ponds, but need to be sunfishes. They don’t have canine teeth like the related harvested in the fall to prevent large fish kills. Walleye and Sauger. White Crappie (Lepomis cyanellus) are a deep-bodied Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) are similar in and very thin fish. They have a grey-green back, silver appearance to White Crappie. They typically have dark sides and a white underside. They have 6-9 grey vertical blotches over their body, rather than vertical bars. They bars that can be broken into blotches. They have a large, have 7-8 dorsal spines, rather than 6 spines displayed paper-thin mouth. They have 6 dorsal spines, with the by White Crappie. It is important to only count the first spine much shorter than the last spine. hard spines, not the soft fin rays. POND MANAGEMENT Sport Fish Largemouth Bass Smallmouth Bass Large Red eye mouth Thick, dark horizontal line Dark, vertical blotches Hybrid Striped Bass Rainbow Trout Broken Small black spots Adipose fin stripes on body & fins Smaller mouth Pink horizontal line Sport Fish Sport fish may be encountered in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Of these, few are appropriate for Indiana ponds. Largemouth Bass are well-suited to ponds and serve as an important predator of Bluegill. They help keep Bluegill populations in check while also providing good fishing opportunities. Smallmouth Bass prefer larger lakes, rivers and creeks and do not do well in ponds. Hybrid Striped Bass are a large, schooling fish that prefer large lakes and reservoirs. They also rarely eat Bluegill. Rainbow Trout need cool water and typically do not survive through the summer in Indiana ponds. Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) have an Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) have a dark olive-green back that transitions to a white underside. brown-green back that transitions to a yellow-white Their green sides have a thick, black, horizontal line that underside. Their sides have many dark blotches, often is often broken into blotches. They have a large mouth arranged in a vertical pattern. They have a distinctive and the upper jawbone extends back past the eye. red eye. Smallmouth Bass have a slightly smaller mouth Largemouth Bass commonly reach 12-15 inches in than Largemouth Bass, but their jawbone still extends Indiana ponds. They can be misidentified with back past the eye. Smallmouth Bass rarely occur in ponds. Spotted Bass, although these rarely occur in ponds. Hybrid Striped Bass (Lepomis cyanellus) are a cross Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have an elongated between White Bass and Striped Bass. They have body with an olive-green back that transitions to a white blue-green backs, silver sides and a white underside. underside. They have silver sides with a pink horizontal They have a 6-9 horizontal stripes on their sides that line. They have small black spots over their body and fins. are often broken in some places. They can grow to over They have a small fleshy adipose fin. Rainbow Trout are 20 pounds but rarely occur in ponds. stocked in some reservoirs, but are rare in ponds. POND MANAGEMENT Catfishes & Bullheads Channel Catfish Blue Catfish 4 grey-brown Adipose Deeply forked tail 4 grey-blue Deeply forked tail barbels fin barbels 4 white barbels Small Curved anal fin 4 white barbels No spots Straight anal fin black with 24-30 fin rays with 30-35 fin rays spots Flathead Catfish Bullheads 4 brown barbels Straight-edged tail 4 brown barbels Straight-edged tail Dark Short anal fin with 4 chin barbels either Short anal fin with 4 white barbels blotches 14 -17 fin rays brown or white 19-27 fin rays Catfishes & Bullheads Catfishes and bullheads may be encountered in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, as well as Indiana ponds. Channel Catfish are well suited to ponds and can be stocked as a single species put-and-take pond, or in combination with Largemouth Bass, Bluegill and Redear Sunfish. Blue and Flathead Catfish are large catfishes not suitable to ponds. They often predate heavily on Bluegill and Largemouth Bass. Bullheads are small catfishes that seldom grow larger than 12 inches. They can easily overpopulate a pond and outcompete desirable species such as Bluegill and Largemouth Bass. All catfish and bullheads have a small fleshy adipose fin on their back, just in front of their tail.