Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 60 © The State of Queensland, Queensland Museum 2016 PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 Print ISSN 2204-1478 Online NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Editor in Chief. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site www.qm.qld.gov.au A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum New species of the genera Sphallomorpha Westwood, 1837 and Adelotopus Hope, 1834 from Queensland, Australia (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pseudomorphini)* * 15th supplement to the “Revision of the Pseudomorphinae of the Australian Region”. Martin BAEHR Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr 21, D-81247 München, Germany. Email: martin. baehr@zsm. mwn.de Citation: Baehr, M. 2016. New species of the genera Sphallomorpha Westwood, 1837 and Adelotopus Hope, 1834 from Queensland, Australia (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pseudomorphini). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Nature 60: 29 - 41. Brisbane. ISSN 2204-1478 (Online) ISSN 0079-8835 (Print). Accepted: 8 June 2016 First published online: 31 October 2016. https://dx.doi.org/10.17082/j.2204-1478.60.2016.2016-02 LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:966F40F4-1F1D-4F90-A58D-6EB2B597F43A ABSTRACT Three new pseudomorphine carabid species of the genera Sphallomorpha Westwood, 1837 and Adelotopus Hope, 1834 are described from Queensland, Australia: Sphallomorpha cognata and A. leviusculus from south-eastern Queensland, and Adelotopus moffattifrom central Queensland. The new species are compared with their nearest relatives and introduced in the keys to the respective genera. Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pseudomorphini, Sphallomorpha, Adelotopus, new species, Australia Within a sample of recently collected carabid Guinea, Solomon Islands, Java, and the beetles, received from Queensland Museum, Moluccas (Baehr 2009a), and one species of Brisbane, I detected, inter alia, three new species the genus Cryptocephalomorpha Ritsema, 1875 of the pseudomorphine genera Sphallomorpha even occurs in southern Africa, whereas most Westwood, 1837 and Adelotopus Hope, 1834, species of this small genus live in southern and from south-eastern and central Queensland south-eastern Asia (Baehr 2013). According to that are described in the present paper. present knowledge the tribe is most diverse, Pseudomorphini (or -inae, according to with respect to body shape and structure, in the opinion of the respective workers) is Australia, where six very differently shaped a moderately large tribe (or subfamily) of genera occur (Baehr 1992, 1997, 2002, 2005, Carabidae of outstanding shape and structure, 2006, 2008, 2009b, 2014). The American and has a very specialised biology. The tribe species have not yet been revised, and until mainly occurs in Australia and North and recently they were combined in a single South America, but a few species of the genera genus Pseudomorpha Kirby, 1825. Certainly Sphallomorpha Westwood, 1837 and Adelotopus they are far less diverse in their morphology Hope, 1834 have been recorded from New than the Australian Pseudomorphini. Baehr Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 2016 60 www.qm.qld.gov.au 29 Baehr, M. (1997) erected two subgenera of Pseudomorpha, single species of Paussotropus Waterhouse, namely Austropseudomorpha Baehr, 1997 for the 1877 and the single Australian species of few Australian species, and Notopseudomorpha Cryptocephalomorpha Ritsema, 1875 have not Baehr, 1997 for a few apparently more yet been recorded, but it is suggested that all plesiotypic South American species. However, pseudomorphine species live in connection more recently the genus Pseudomorpha has been with ants, a few even with termites (Baehr divided into several genera (Erwin & Geraci 1992, 1997). However, this is actually recorded 2008), and the subgenera erected by Baehr have from only a few species. The larviparous been raised to generic rank. When studied more reproduction of most genera likewise may satisfactorily in future, according to Erwin & Geraci (2008), the American species may nearly be related to the myrmecophilous habits of equal the number of Australian species. the larvae. Similarly, the increasing trend towards development of physogastric larvae Most pseudomorphine species are more in the higher evolved genera is regarded an or less depressed, possess depressed legs adaptation to that mode of life. and a reduced chaetotaxy. Depending on the genera to which they belong, their habitus is very similar to either water beetles of the METHODS families Dytiscidae or Hydrophilidae, or wood For the taxonomic treatment standard inhabiting Scolytidae or even Colydiidae. methods were used. The genitalia were Among the Australian pseudomorphine fauna a removed from specimens relaxed for a night gradient is evident from depressed species with in a jar under moist atmosphere, then cleaned prognathous mouth parts, elongate antenna, for a short while in hot 10% KOH. The habitus elongate legs, fairly complete chaetotaxy, and photographs were taken with a digital normal shaped female gonocoxites (genus camera using ProgRes CapturePro 2.6 and Sphallomorpha), to cylindrical body shape, AutoMontage and subsequently were worked orthognathous mouth parts, short antenna, with Corel Photo Paint X4. short, very depressed legs, very much reduced chaetotaxy, and foliaceous female Measurements were taken using a stereo gonocoxites (Austropseudomorpha → Adelotopus microscope with an ocular micrometer. Body → Cainogenion → Paussotropus). The species of length was measured from apex of labrum to most genera are ovoviviparous (i.e. larviparous) apex of elytra, length of pronotum along midline, which mode of reproduction is very rare length of elytra from the most produced part of the within Carabidae and generally within beetles. humerus to the most produced part of the apex. The most plesiotypic pseudomorphine genus For the chaetotaxy which is very important Sphallomorpha, however, is still oviparous. for the identification of species of Sphallomorpha, In Australia the number of species and the abbreviations as used in Baehr (1992) are subspecies is 308 at present, and pseudomorphine repeated below. beetles occur in all parts of the continent. Almost The holotypes of the new species are stored in all species have been found either under the bark Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QM), while a few of bark shedding trees (mainly eucalypts), or in paratypes are retained in the working collection deep crevices in the bark of other trees, including of the author at Zoologische Staatssammlung, non-eucalypts, usually in more or less open forest München (CBM). Label data of specimens are and woodland, but a few species have invaded given verbatim, including all ciphers and printed rain forest, where they may be found on the labels. Also original spelling of the collecting bark of moss covered trees. The habits of the date is used. 30 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 2016 60 Sphallomorpha Westwood, 1837 and Adelotopus Hope, 1834 Chaetotaxy is excised, and in both sexes it bears a varied supraorb supraorbital seta (either side) number of elongate setae at the apical margin. preorb preorbital seta (either side) Note. As Baehr (1994a) demonstrated, clyp clypeal seta (either side) Sphallomorpha is plesiomorphic in many labr labral setae (common) character states as compared with the ment.med medial mental setae, at base of mental other pseudomorphine genera, and thus, it excision or mental tooth (common) represents the adelphotaxon of all other genera ment.lat lateral mental setae, on wings of of Pseudomorphinae. mentum (either side) The genus Sphallomorpha includes 157 species gloss glossal setae, on ventral rim of apex at present, of which only 8 occur outside of of glossa (either side) Australia in New Guinea (Baehr 1992, 1993a, gul gular setae, inside of gular suture b, 1994b, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009a, b, (either side) 2010, 2014). Species of Sphallomorpha usually postorb postorbital setae, posteriorly of eye are wide and rather depressed, they are either on a conspicuous rim (either side) unicolourous black or piceous, or bear various, suborb suborbital setae, below eye, sometimes very vivid, colour patterns on the laterally of gular suture (either side) elytra and/or the pronotum. In Australia they pron.ant anterior pronotal setae, near occur in a great variety of habitats, provided anterior angle of pronotum (either that some tree growth is present, but appear side) to be very rare in rain forest. The Australian pron.post posterior pronotal setae, near species are known to live under the loose bark posterior angle of pronotum (either of tree trunks of various eucalypts or in deep side) bark crevices on rough-barked eucalypt and proeps proepisternal setae, longitudinally non-eucalypt trees. They are extremely agile, and transversally on proepisternum fast running beetles which fly deliberately, but (either side) are quite rarely encountered at light. The larvae marg marginal setae, along margin of of the very few species of which the larvae