A Survey: Embedded Systems Supporting By Different Operating Systems Qamar Jabeen, Fazlullah Khan, Muhammad Tahir, Shahzad Khan, Syed Roohullah Jan Department of Computer Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan [email protected], [email protected] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: In these days embedded systems used in industrial, commercial system have an important role in different areas. e.g Mobile Phones and different Fields and applications like Network type of Network Bridges are embedded embedded system , Real-time embedded used by telecommunication systems for systems which supports the mission- giving better requirements to their users. critical domains, mostly having the time We use digital cameras, MP3 players, DVD constraints, Stand-alone systems which players are the example of embedded includes the network router etc. A great consumer electronics. In our daily life its deployment in the processors made for provided us efficiency and flexibility and completing the demanding needs of the many features which includes microwave users. There is also a large-scale oven, washing machines dishwashers. deployment occurs in sensor networks for Embedded system are also used in providing the advance facilities, for medical, transportation and also used in handled such type of embedded systems wireless sensor network area respectively a specific operating system must provide. medical imaging, vital signs, automobile This paper presents some software electric vehicles and Wi-Fi modules. infrastructures that have the ability of supporting such types of embedded systems. 1. Introduction: Embedded system are computer systems designed for specific purpose, to increase functionality and reliability for achieving a specific task, like general Figure 1: Taxonomy of Embedded Software’s purpose computer system it does not use for multiple tasks. Now days there are 2.Embedded software organization many types of distributed embedded for embedded systems: system increased the performance and Embedded systems needs higher usability. A system is embedded not only reliability because most of them are safety by hardware it have also embedded critical systems therefore consists on software. microprocessors. Some embedded system There are a variety of embedded are designed from scratch and software specifically developed for those are widely used embedded operating devices. Different high level programming systems. All embedded devices having languages, which fulfils the requirements operating system which can be supported of that particular software are used by the by that device. An embedded real time programmer, having the ability of device must have the RTOS. Embedded OS exception handling and should have the having reliability, portability and reliable code [1]. Software can be configurability are the important features designed using off the shelf components. in it. RTOS should show the accurate Operating systems are the example of the logical results, in specially safety critical reusable software components, which systems because in accuracy May loss doesn’t developed from scratch. causes of lost a life like air craft system. The operating systems giving above Software should not the platform- support the large systems consisting on dependent it should be the capability of higher CPU and memory size. And also evolvability either it would run on the LAN multitasking, TCP/IP networking, memory or shared wide-wide area network. It also protection can be supported by it. should be guaranteed that it provide the same services with respect to the Window NT [6] is not real time environment of the user, according to operating system, but due to industrial their requirement. Accuracy and precision need, window NT should be evolved for are important when environment achieving some features of real time changes.[2] systems. Embedded operating systems are Linux operating system also not developed for handling the particular supported real time system for this application. There for OS used in purpose RTAI (real time application embedded systems is most different than interface) [7] are designated which is an the general purpose OS used in our extension of Linux. Embedded Linux is also desktops computers. And these systems an evolution in Linux but it doesn’t also have the real time properties support real time application like RTAI. according to the system requirements. Commercial off-the-shelf Such types of operating systems are components used [8] for achieving the divided into two types, embedded target of distributed real time and operating system and real time operating embedded systems, such as mission systems. critical dynamic domains which includes 2.1 Real time and embedded the radar processing, online financial operating systems: trading etc. Clock synchronization [9] is an important feature of distributed real time Embedded systems are mostly operating systems. Clock synchronization used Real-time operating systems, QNX should be fault tolerated for giving the [3], WinCE[4], Vxworks [5] are most accuracy. When CPU [10] is highly loaded and unexpected interrupts disturbed time includes the functions data receiving, due to this RTOS exceed their limits then showing, and the ability of information more energy will be consumed by it as storage [15]. compared to the normal execution. In zigbee application design In heterogeneous environment algorithms implementation for serial embedded systems are more complex in communication and interface design it sense of their reliability and security uses the embedded visual C++. Different which in more demanding feature in this languages used by programmer for environment. Over a decade performance different algorithms.[16,17] of ICT is main focus of researchers. But Systems depending on window CE recently, security and reliability become have 4 layers 1) Hardware layer includes the higher issue. Some projects proposed all the hardware used in those systems, by [11] used the micro-kernel for such as processors. 2) Operating system is reliability and dependability, [12] an interface for users. 3) Applications proposed Minix OS and [13] suggest the layer consists on the applications which L4 OS for higher reliability. depend upon different types of 2.1.1 WinCE performances on the device. 4) Hardware support layer consists on interaction November 1996 in handheld PC between hardware and OS used by that window CE was introduced. There are system [18,19]. many extensions of windows CE. Embedded systems have the restriction of Basic needs of storing, space. Windows CE developed for manipulating, retrieving the data have achieving the given aim. This is a thin every operating system. These operations client operating system supports priority can be performed by replicating the data inheritance and developed for embedded on a backend server. Enterprise and applications like entertainment and personal application used such type of communication [14]. database respectively for applications which provided financial services and Window CE is real-time operating web-based like entertainment, games etc. systems which have the functionality of For this purpose a relational database like operate the embedded 32 bit processor. SQL server used by window CE. The Zigbee is an embedded system based on constraints on space using by the program ARM having the serial communication is followed by this engine. The functionality which improves the architecture of SQL engine includes query transmission area and reliability of optimization, relational storage helicome used as wireless sensor network (transaction and indexing) and backend module. Due to ARM device has of low data replication [20]. power consumption (now a days it is an issue of green computing) high Another system used master slave performance and lower cost. It also architecture call Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) using embedded real time embedded system a Linux operating operating system.[21] system is used. Different fault injection techniques used for checking the 2.1.2 Linux: reliability of the system [28]. Linux is quite Few years ago the use of Linux in good for different microprocessors due to embedded device became most popular. robustness because it is more scalable and People needs accessing their own account reliable [29]. anywhere so it is used as a functional OS 2.1.3 QNX: in networked systems. Linux have an important feature of flexibility, because QNX software system limited we can interrupt in kernel at runtime and designated the QNX for real time unload a module. Linux is open source so operating systems. It have the its code is worldwide available, also functionality of processing the medical portable and scalable. It can run on every machines, telecommunication, and processor and also license free. electronic devices. The requirements of these devices are higher reliability and Differentiability between the hardware safety because all are attach with our make the operating system most daily life, also having the features of sophisticated (mobile devices, severs etc). scalability and flexibility. It is small and Different configurators are developed for fast. the purpose to ensure the validity and user guidance. Too many configurators Medical devices like calculated the are developed like for feature models genetic methodology can some time commercial configurators [22] have been distributed on multi processors