The Eighth-century Prophet Abingdon Press Nashville ISAIAH THB EIGHTH-CENTURY PROPHBT: HIS TIMES AND HIS PRBACI-IING Contents Copyright 0 1987 by John H. Hayes and Stuart A. b-vine All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly Abbreviations ................................................. 9 permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to Abingdon Press, 201 Eighth Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37202. Preface .......................................................... 13 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data I. The Historical Background-750-700 B.C.E ........ 17 Hayes, John Haralson, 1934- 1. Assyrian Relations with Syria-Palestine ..... 17 Isaiah, the eighth-century prophet : his times and his preaching / A. Tiglath-pileser III (745-727 B.c.E.). ........... 21 John H. Hayes, Stuart A. Irvine. B. Shalmaneser V (727-722 B.c.E.). .............. 24 p. cm. Bibliography: p. C. Saigon II (722-705 B.c.E.). ...................... 25 Includes index. D. Sennacherib (704-681 B.c.E.). .................. 28 ISBN 0-687-19705-B (aIk. paper) 2. Egypt During the Second Half of the 1. Bible. O.T. Isaiah I-XXXIX-Commentaries. 2. Isaiah (Biblical prophet) I. Irvine, Stuart A. II. Title. Eighth Century.................................... 29 BS1515.3.H39 1987 3. Historical Developments Within Israel 224’.107-dc 19 87-17834 CIP and Judah........................................... 33 A. The Chronological Problems This book is printed on acid-free paper. ................. 34 B. Jeroboam II of Israel and Uzziah/Jotham AI1 scripture quotations, unless otherwise noted, are the authors’ of Judah.. ........................................... 36 translations. C. Israelite Civil War............................... 40 D. Ahaz and the Syro-Ephraimitic Crisis .... 42 Those marked NBB are from The New English Bible. Copyright 0 the Delegates of the Oxford University Press and the Syndics of the Cambridge E. The Reign of Hezekiah.. ...................... 46 University Press, 1961, 1970. Reprinted by permission. II. The Religious and Theological Backgrounds Those marked NJPSV are from The Prophets (Nmi’im) and The Writings (Kethubim). Copyright 8 1978 (Nmi’im) and 8 1982 Kethubim) by the Jewish of Isaiah’s Ministry .................................... 50 Publication Society of America. III. The Nature and Function of Prophetic Those marked RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyrighted 1946,1952, 0 1971,1973 by the Division of Christian Education Speech in Isaiah........................................ 59 of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., and are used by permission. IV. Isaiah’s Preaching and the Isaianic Manufactured by the Parthenon Press at Narratives. .............................................. 67 Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America 1. The Superscription (1:l). ........................... 67 2. An Earthquake and Its Aftermath (1:2-20) .... 69 34. Again Zion Threatened but Delivered 3. Jerusalem: Past, Present, and Future (36:1-37:38) . 371 (1:21-2:s). ............................................. 78 35. Hezekiah’s Sickness (38:1-22) . .. .,. ..383 4. Yahweh Had a Day (2:6-22) ....................... 83 36. Visiting Ambassadors from Babylon 5. A Society Topsy-turvy (3:1-15). ................... 87 (39:1-8).. ,.... 385 6. The Daughters of Jerusalem (3:16-4:6). ........ 92 7. A Vineyard Gone Bad (5:1-30). ................... 98 Appendix: The History of the Interpretation of 8. A New Task and a New Message (6:1-13) .. .107 Isaiah I-39 . .387 9. Deliverance for the House of David- Disaster for Judah (7:1-25). ......................113 Indexes . .401 10. Refusing the Waters of ShiIoah (8:1-20)........14 0 11. Ahaz and the Throne of David (8:21-9:7). ... .169 12. A Word Against Jacob (g&10:4). ............... .184 13. Assyria, the Rod of Yahweh’s Anger (10:5-27~). ............................................. 194 14. An Ensign for the Nations (10:27&12:6).......20 6 15. Judgment on Babylon (13:1-22). .................. 220 16. Yahweh’s Purpose and the Death of a King (14:1-27). ...............................................226 17. Rejoice Not, 0 Phihstia (14:28-32). .............. 235 18. An Oracle on Moab (15:1-16:14). ................ 238 19. Old Coalitions Never Die (17:1-14). ............ .246 20. Ambassadors in Papyrus Boats (18:1-7). ...... .252 21. Assyrian, Egyptian, and Israelite Ecumenism (19:1-25). .............................................. .257 22. A Prophetic Demonstration (20:1-6). ........... .267 23. The Oracle on the Sealand (21:1-17). ........... 271 24. He Took Away the Covering of Judah (22:1-14). ...............................................277 25. Two Officials Condemned (22:15-25). .......... .283 26. The Demise of Tyre (23:1-18). .................... .287 27. A Cantata of Salvation (24-27). .................. .294 28. The Drunkards of Ephraim and the Foolish Leaders of Jerusalem (28:1-29). ................ 320 29. Zion to be Threatened but Saved (29:1-24) ... 331 30. Woe to Those Who Go Down to Egypt (30:1-33). ...............................................336 31. Egypt Is Human Not Divine (31:1-9) ........... 345 32. A King in Righteousness Should Reign (32:1-20). ...............................................352 33. Yahweh for Us (33:1-24). ........................... 360 Abbreviations AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research ABC Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, by A. K. Grayson (Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1975) AEL Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings, by M. Lichtheim (3 ~01s.; Berkeley/London: Univer- sity of California Press, 1973-1980) AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Litera- ture AJT American Journal of Theology ALUOS Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society ANEP The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament, by J. B. Pritchard (2d ed.; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969) ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (ed. J. B. Pritchard; 3rd ed.; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969) Ant Jewish Antiquities, by Josephus A0 Acta Orientalia ARAB Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, by D. D. Luckenbill (2 ~01s.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1926-1927) Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, by A. K. Grayson (2 ~01s.; Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1972- 1976) AS The Annals of Sennacherib, by D. D. LuckenbiII (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1924) ASTI Annual of the Swedish Theological institute ATR Anglican Theological Review AUSS Andrews University Semina y Studies BA Biblical Archaeologist 9 Isaiah Abbreviations BAR Biblical Archaeologist Reader lnt Interpretation BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Cliff Review Bib Biblica LESCU Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Columbia University BR Biblical Research JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society BS Bibliotheca sacra JARCE Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Jerusalem Bible BT The Bible Translator $L Journal of Biblical Literature BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies BZ Biblische Zeitschrift JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fiir altestamentliche Wissens- JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages Jewish Quarterly Review chaft JQR CB Cultura biblica JR Journal of Religion CBL A Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature (ed. J. Kitto; JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament New York/Cincinnati: Mark H. Newman/Wil- JSS Journal of Semitic Studies Iiam H. Moore & Co., 1846) ITS Journal of Theological Studies Catholic Biblical Quarterly KS Kleine Schriften CBQ Lutheran Quarterly CHJ Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 1: Introduction: LQ The Persian Period (ed. W. D. Davies and L. LR Lutherische Rundblick Finkelstein; Cambridge/New York: Cambridge MT Masoretic Text University Press, 1984) NEASB Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin CJ Conservation Judaism NEB New English Bible CQR Church Quarterly Review NJPSV New Jewish Publication Society Version DTT Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift NTT Norsk Teologisk Tidsskrift EB Bncyclopedia Britannica OLZ Orientalische Literaturzeitung EglT Eglise et Thtologie OTS Oudtestamentische Stud& El Eretz Israel OTWSA Die Ou Testamentiese Werkgemeenskap in Suid- EstEc Estudios eclesiasticos Afrika ET Expository Times PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly ETL Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses PSB Princeton Seminary Bulletin EvTh Evangelische Theologie RB Revue biblique GS Gesammelte Studien RHPR Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses HBD A Dictionary of the Bible (5 ~01s.; ed. J. Hastings; RHR Revue de l’histoire des religions Edinburgh/New York: T. & T. Clark/Charles RGG Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart Scribneis Sons, 1900-1904) RivB Rivista biblica HTR Harvard Theological Review RSR Recherches de science religieuse HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual RSV Revised Standard Version IA Die lnschriften Asarhaddons, K&rigs von Assyrien, SAT Die Schriften des Alten Testaments by R. Borger (Graz: Im Selbstverlags des SDB Supplements Dictionaire de la Bible Herausgebers, 1956) SEA Svensk exegetisk Brsbok SH Scripta Hierosolymitana IEJ Israel Exploration Journal 10 11 lsaiah