Understanding Gender Equality in Zimbabwe Women and Men in Zimbabwe Report 2019 Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency P.O. Box CY, 342, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe Tel: (263-4)706681-8 Email: [email protected] Website: www.zimstat.co.zw October 2020 Table of Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................. v Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... vii FOREWORD. .......................................................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: Population Composition ............................................................................................................. 1 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Population Size ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Population Distribution by Rural /Urban and Sex ........................................................ 1 1.3 Population Distribution by Province and Sex .............................................................. 2 1.4 Population Distribution by Age Group and Sex ........................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2: Household and Family ................................................................................................................ 6 2.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Marital Status by Age Group and Sex .......................................................................... 6 2.3 Polygyny ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Trends in Child Marriages .......................................................................................... 10 2.5 Living Arrangements .................................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 3: Health Status and the Environment .................................................................................... 14 3.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 14 3.1 Life Expectancy at Birth ............................................................................................. 14 3.2 Child Health and Survival .......................................................................................... 15 3.3 Undernutrition ............................................................................................................ 17 3.4 Mortality ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Maternal Mortality ..................................................................................................... 18 3.6 Trends in Antenatal and Postnatal Care ..................................................................... 19 3.8 Health Insurance ......................................................................................................... 22 3.10 Environment ............................................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER 4: Education and Training ........................................................................................................... 26 4.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 26 4.1 Literacy Rates by Age and Sex .................................................................................. 26 4.2 School Attendance ...................................................................................................... 26 4.3 Educational attainment ............................................................................................... 27 4.4 School Enrolment ....................................................................................................... 28 4.7 Enrolment at Tertiary ................................................................................................. 29 CHAPTER 5: Women’s Access and Ownership of Agricultural Productive Resources ............. 49 5.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 49 5.1 Access to and Ownership of Agricultural Land ......................................................... 49 5.2 Agricultural Population .............................................................................................. 50 5.3 Land Use Rights ......................................................................................................... 50 5.2 Ownership of Agricultural Assets .............................................................................. 52 5.3 Ownership of Livestock ............................................................................................. 52 5.5 Agriculture Labour ..................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 6: Participation in Economic Activities .................................................................................. 58 6.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 58 i | P a g e 6.1 Participation in Labour Force ..................................................................................... 58 6.2 Employment and Unemployment ............................................................................... 59 6.3 Occupational Segregation ........................................................................................... 60 6.4 Industrial Sector ......................................................................................................... 60 6.5. Work Related Income ................................................................................................ 61 6.6 Share of Women in Wage Employment in the Non-Agriculture Sector .................... 61 6.7 Gender Pay Gap in the Agricultural Sector ................................................................ 62 6.9 Time Use in Economic Activities .............................................................................. 63 6.10 Reconciliation of Work and Family Life ................................................................. 63 CHAPTER 7: Power and Participation in Decision Making ................................................................. 67 7.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 67 7.1 Women and Men in Politics and Public Sector .......................................................... 67 7.3 Crime Prevention and the Judiciary ........................................................................... 68 7.4 Access to Mass Media ................................................................................................ 68 7.5 Media Personnel ....................................................................................................... 69 CHAPTER 8: Gender Based Violence ............................................................................................................ 74 8.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 74 8.1 Violence Against Children ......................................................................................... 74 8.2 Domestic Violence ..................................................................................................... 75 8.5 Women’s Experience of Physical and Sexual Violence ............................................ 76 Appendix A: Questionnaire for Collecting SDGs 5.a.1 and 1.4.2 ........................................................ 78 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 81 ii | P a g e List of Figures Figure 1.1: Female and Male Percentage Population in Zimbabwe, 2017 ICDS ............................................... 1 Figure 1.2: Distribution of Population by Rural/Urban and Sex, 2017 ICDS ..................................................... 2 Figure 1.3: Provincial Sex Ratios, 2017 ICDS .................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 1.4: Percentage Distribution of Population by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe, 2017 ICDS….…………. ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2.1: Distribution of Population Aged 15 Years and Above who are Currently Married, 2017 ICDS……………. ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2.2: Distribution of Population