Wildland Urban Interface: Mapping and Wildfire Risk Assessment

Wildland Urban Interface: Mapping and Wildfire Risk Assessment

UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SASSARI SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA Scienze e Biotecnologie dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali e delle Produzioni Alimentari Indirizzo: Agrometeorologia ed Ecofisiologia dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali Ciclo XXVI Wildland Urban Interface: Mapping and Wildfire Risk Assessment Dr. Casula Franco Direttore della Scuola Prof. Pusino Alba Referente di Indirizzo Prof. Spano Donatella Docente Guida Dr. Sirca Costantino Anno Accademico 2012- 2013 Ringraziamenti Non spesso mi è capitato, quanto in occasione della realizzazione del presente lavoro di tesi, che la doverosità del ringraziamento si accompagnasse tanto armonicamente alla piacevolezza della gratitudine. Probabilmente questa consonanza di sentimenti ha radice nel fatto che il lavoro di tesi che ho svolto è stato possibile grazie alla collaborazione e l’aiuto di molte persone la cui competenza professionale e scientifica si accompagna, altrettanto armonicamente, a grandi qualità umane che hanno reso l’interazione tanto utile quanto gratificante. Ringrazio il Corpo Forestale e di Vigilanza Ambientale della Regione Autonoma della Sardegna al quale appartengo, che mi ha concesso un periodo di aspettativa per Dottorato di Ricerca, ed il dipartimento DipNeT dell’Università di Sassari presso il quale sono stato seguito e consigliato durante lo svolgimento. In particolare ringrazio la Professoressa Donatella Spano ed il Dottor Costantino Sirca che, lasciandomi piena autonomia nella ricerca, hanno comunque guidato il mio lavoro, la Dottoressa Valentina Bacciu per i preziosi confronti, il Dottor Michele Salis non solo per i numerosi consigli ma anche per i concreti contributi inerenti la simulazione degli incendi. Un sentito ringraziamento va all’amica Sweta Gupta, per essersi tanto profusa nel correggere il mio inglese. Durante la tesi ho avuto la fortuna di svolgere due periodi all’estero che sono stati fondamentali per lo svolgimento del lavoro e che mi hanno dato la possibilità non solo di approfondire lo studio, ma anche di arricchirmi culturalmente e umanamente. Ringrazio dunque la direttrice Dr. Marielle Jappiot e tutto il laboratorio EMAX dell’IRSTEA con sede ad Aix-en-Provence (Francia). In particolare sono grato al Dr. Christophe Bouillon che ha reso possibile e facilitato il mio stage ed ha seguito e guidato l’avanzamento del mio lavoro durante in mio soggiorno francese. Ringrazio il Professor Tim Brown non solo per avermi ospitato per il mio secondo stage nel Laboratorio di Scienze dell’Atmosfera che dirige presso il Desert Research Institute di Reno in Nevada (USA), ma anche per i suoi preziosi contributi all’armonizzazione del lavoro di tesi tramite i numerosi consigli ed il costante confronto. Dell’incontro con Christophe Bouillon e Tim Brown sono grato alla fortuna che ci ha messo un pizzico di suo. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Not so often it occurred to me what is happening now at the completion of my PhD thesis work: I feel that I ought to, but, at the same time, that I have the heartfelt pleasure to thank the remarkable people who contributed towards the realization of my research. 1 University of Sassari. PhD thesis CASULA Franco 2013 – Wildland Urban Interface: Mapping and Wildfire Risk Assessment This harmony of my two feelings is probably based on the fact that these people harmonize the scientific competency with profound human richness which makes the interaction with them intensely gratifying. I thank my Forest Service, the Corpo Forestale e di Vigilanza Ambientale of Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, for having granted me prolonged leave from work in order to pursue my PhD. I wish to thank the DipNeT of University of Sassari where I completed my research in the framework of the XXVI° PhD course. In particular, I would like to thank Professor Donatella Spano and Dr. Costantino Sirca for having guided my work and at the same time respected my autonomy in conducting the research, and Dr. Valentina Bacciu, for providing her expert inputs augmenting my knowledge on various topics. I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Michele Salis for his many remarkable guidelines and concrete contributions especially in the part of the thesis dealing with wildfire simulations. I wish to thank my friend Sweta Gupta for her efforts and significant contribution in editing my thesis and helping me with my English writing. During the course of my PhD program, I was very fortunate to spend two training periods abroad. Not only has the experience of these trainings been fundamental for my thesis work but has also been a truly enriching life experience. I am, hence, grateful to the director Dr. Marielle Jappiot and to the entire laboratory EMAX - IRSTEA of Aix-en-Provence (France). I am heartily thankful to Dr. Christophe Bouillon who gave me the opportunity to spend my training period in IRSTEA and guided the development of my work during my sojourn in Aix-en-Provence. I am thankful to Professor Tim Brown for offering me the opportunity to spend my second training period in the Division of Atmospheric Sciences of the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nevada (USA). His deep knowledge enlightened my points of view and his concrete contributions to my work enabled me to develop a deeper understanding of the subject. Interacting, working with, and getting to know some pleasant and ingenious people like Christophe Bouillon and Tim Brown has been a profound rewarding experience whose importance for me will last for a lifetime. Franco Casula 2 University of Sassari. PhD thesis CASULA Franco 2013 – Wildland Urban Interface: Mapping and Wildfire Risk Assessment Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................ 5 PART 1: Introduction ........................................................................ 9 Foreword .................................................................................................................................. 11 Defining Rural-Urban Interface ................................................................................................ 15 Part 2: Rural-Urban Interface Mapping .......................................... 23 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 23 Mapping methodologies – Generalities ................................................................................... 25 Study areas ............................................................................................................................... 29 Materials and methods ................................................................................................................ 33 Global Scale mapping ............................................................................................................... 35 Local Scale mapping – Option 1 ............................................................................................... 39 Local Scale mapping – Option 2 ............................................................................................... 41 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 45 Global Scale mapping ............................................................................................................... 47 Local Scale mapping – Option 1 ............................................................................................... 59 Local Scale mapping – Option 2 ............................................................................................... 81 Dynamics in RUI – A diachronic analysis on a case study ........................................................ 91 Part 3: Wildfire Risk Assessment in Rural-Urban Interface ............. 99 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 99 Risk, Hazard, Danger, Intensity, Vulnerability – Definitions .................................................. 101 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................. 110 Overlay Mapping methodology for wildfire risk assessment ................................................ 112 Multicriteria methodology for wildfire risk assessment ........................................................ 119 Multisimulation methodology for wildfire risk assessment .................................................. 135 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 141 Overlay Mapping methodology for wildfire risk assessment ................................................ 143 Multicriteria methodology for wildfire risk assessment ........................................................ 155 Multisimulation methodology for wildfire risk assessment .................................................. 195 Conclusions and perspectives ...................................................... 209 Appendixes ................................................................................... 215 Appendix A – Global Scale mapping methodology. ................................................................... 217 3 University of Sassari. PhD thesis CASULA Franco 2013 – Wildland Urban Interface: Mapping and Wildfire Risk Assessment Appendix B – Local Scale mapping methodology option 1. ......................................................

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