International Medico-Legal Reporter Journal February 2021 ISSN: 2347 - 3525 Determination of individual characteristics in Modern Gujarati language for handwriting analysis Swetang Patel14 Abstract This paper gives information about Graphology, handwriting analysis, different types of handwriting characteristics. Gujarati language also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, Guujratee, Gujrathi, and Gujerathi. Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language and its native language to the Gujarat of India. Gujarati is the variant of Devanagari, the main difference being the absence of the shirorekha or the line above the character and also more rounded shapes than others. The first writing systems were developed more than five thousand years ago. They have used anticipated pictorial representation to communicate a message. Writing or handwriting is a universal skill that does not distinct from sex, colour, or creed and race. Introduction Standardization is a socio-economic circumstance dating from the beginning of the 20th century. In the history of national language standardization defined as “The construction – and subsequent dissemination – of a uniform supra dialectal normative variety”. In writing, physical body parts are used so it is a physical process. Through the nervous system, the brain sends the signal or order to the arms, hands and fingers, where they are manipulated as writing tools together. In such a way, the aim to write forms deep within the creative processes of the mind and makes writing an expressive gesture representative of the mind behind the pen.[1] Every written sample shows the same variety as the faces, fingerprints, bodies, voices of all persons in this world. Generally we recognize our friends’ voices on the phone, and by the frequency of tone alone and know about their state of happiness, sadness, anger, warmth or can be said as the emotional state of a person. As same, handwriting is a reflection of mood changes, characterizing the state of mind of a writer at that moment. Writing or handwriting is a universal skill that does not distinct from sex, colour or creed and race. Graphology offers a neutral outline of the distinctive personality and behaviour of an 14 M.Sc. Criminology, GFSU, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 139 Legal Desire Media & Insights www.legaldesire.com/forensics International Medico-Legal Reporter Journal February 2021 ISSN: 2347 - 3525 individual, without their physical presence. [2] Graphology is also called Graphoanalysis, is a process which is used by some to attempt to determine personality traits and details about an individual based on their handwriting. Graphology began in 1871 by Jean-Hippolyte Mlchon, and it is still popular in Europe, especially in France. Graphology is not undertaken as real science because of the evidence which is against it. One way that has been tested is, by having multiple graphologists who analyse the same handwriting sample. The advantage of graphology is that it will not matter how rarely or frequently you write, how praised or ugly your handwriting, it always has a meaning to the eye of the trained graphologist in the circumstances of personality and character evaluation.[3] Graphology The word “graphology” word is made from the combination of the Greek word “Graphein”, means “to write” and the “Logos” means “an account”. Graphology is the study of writing which is based on the growing body of knowledge which is continuously being tested in practical use. The science of Handwriting or the Graphology is based on the presumption that handwriting expression and personality functioning are convolutedly related. Graphology is based on knowledge, not a codified system like arithmetic. People are not alarmed to find varying, many times conflicting explanations assigned to a stroke or shape. It is manageable to understand writing characters using different approaches to certain origins. Graphology is an art of combining and integrating information that essential training and judgement in its application. Graphology is an inference of different characters from a person’s handwriting. According to the theory of graphology, handwriting is an expression of personality. The way words and letters are formed is analysed systematically so it can reveal traits of personality. Graphologists analyse elements like the size of individual letters and the degree and regularity of slanting, ornamentation, angularity and curvature. Other basic analysis are the general appearance and impression of the writing, the pressure of upward and downward stroked, and the smoothness of the writing.[5] Graphologists have cautioned that the validity of handwriting analysis can be subverted by such consideration as myopia and the loss of motor control. Generally, the scientific basis for graphological interpretations of personality is questionable. 140 Legal Desire Media & Insights www.legaldesire.com/forensics International Medico-Legal Reporter Journal February 2021 ISSN: 2347 - 3525 History of Graphology The first writing systems were developed more than five thousand years ago, they anticipated pictorial representation to communicate a message. Those earlier writing systems include cuneiform which was developed in Sumer (now it is Iraq) and hieroglyphics from Egypt. The first development of pure alphabets that uses a single symbol to represent a single phoneme (letter sound) began in Egypt in 1800 BC and in time the Phoenician alphabet emerged in approximately 1200 BC. The alphabets developed with the coastline of modern Lebanon, consisted of 22 constant letters and did not record vowel sounds. That practice is still in the Arabic and Hebrew written languages today. Timeline of Graphology 1622: The publication “How to recognise from a letter the nature and quality of a writer” written by Italian doctor Camillo Baldi. This is the first publication which is known as a printed publication on the study of different handwriting. Late 18th Century: Gainsborough apparently keeps his model of handwriting on the painting portraits. 1875: French abbot Jean Hyppolyte Michon formulated the term “Graphology”, from the Greek words: “Graph” means “to write” or “I write”, and “Logos” means “doctrine” to “Theory”.[6] 1895: “Writing originates in the brain, not in the fingers and that handwriting is actually brainwriting” said by a child psychologist, Wilhelm Preyer. 1920: Henry Grunfeld, co-founder of SG Warburg, detected that someone was stealing petty cash from his family firm in Germany. He took the help of handwriting experts, and they promptly recognised the culprit. Applicants firstly have to submit the samples of handwriting before being accepted for a situation. Grunfeld persisted convicted of the meritss of graphology until his death at age of 95 in 1999. “There is not a single case in 60 years where the graphologists had stated that something that turns out to be wrong.” 1930: Dr Ludwig Klages published an influential “Handwriting and Character”. He is widely considered as the father of modern graphology. 1949-1954: Dr Eric Singer, an Austrian but lived in England, published “Graphology and Everyman”, “The Graphologists Alphabets”, “Handwriting and Marriage”, “Personality in Handwriting”. [7] 141 Legal Desire Media & Insights www.legaldesire.com/forensics International Medico-Legal Reporter Journal February 2021 ISSN: 2347 - 3525 1965: Fransic T. Hilliger established a company “Handwriting Analysis Ltd.”. He was the student of Dr Eric Singer. His business encompasses personnel selection, tuitions, graphotherapy (this therapy proposed that negative emotions can result in disease), and work at London’s Old Bailey as an “Expert witness”. He evolves a method for assessing the degree of any trait or characteristics in a handwriting sample, and setting the first standard for students in the UK. Handwriting Handwriting is writing with the hand as different from print. The term handwriting can be more or less restricted to mean the form of writing peculiar to each person. Scales were developed to measure the quality of the script from grade to grade in the elementary schools, and a series of careful investigations of the handwriting movements were undertaken. Different studies revealed that the pressure on the penholder (grip pressure) as well as the pressure of the pen point on the paper (point pressure) varies continuously during writing, and the speed of writing is not uniform but depends upon the which type of stroke going to made. For example, movement speed usually increases slowly as the strokes begins, comes at maximum in the middle, and drops off in the direction of end. The direction of the stroke, loops and turns, the complexity and the type of stroke that preceded will alter the speed of a given writing movement. Speed is also affected by length of letter elements, usually it takes more time to make long strokes than to make short ones. By comparison of the handwriting movement of poor and good writers, researchers found that these two groups have difference in position of writing hand, speed, and types of movements in fingers and hands while writing. A good writer showed greater uniformity in the formation speed of similar strokes. Overview of Study There are two variation of concern during the comparison handwriting: the variation of the handwriting of the particular individual and the handwriting from one individual to another. These two variabilities are seen when several individuals are asked to write the same word many times. Intuitively, the within writer variability (the variation in