Ref. Ares(2019)1779406 - 18/03/2019 (H2020 730840) D4.2 – Report on Technical and Quality of Service Viability Version 1.2 Published by the MISTRAL Consortium Dissemination Level: Public This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730840 H2020-S2RJU-2015-01/H2020-S2RJU-OC-2015-01-2 Topic S2R-OC-IP2-03-2015: Technical specifications for a new Adaptable Communication system for all Railways Final Version Document version: 1.2 Submission date: 2019-03-12 MISTRAL D4.2 – Report on Technical and Quality of Service Viability Document control page Document file: D4.2 Report on Technical and Quality of Service Viability Document version: 1.2 Document owner: Alexander Wolf (TUD) Work package: WP4 – Technical Viability Analysis Task: T4.3, T4.4 Deliverable type: R Document status: approved by the document owner for internal review approved for submission to the EC Document history: Version Author(s) Date Summary of changes made 0.1 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2017-12-27 TOCs and content description 0.4 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2018-01-31 First draft version 0.5 Carles Artigas (ARD) 2018-02-02 Contribution on LTE Security, Chapter 5 0.8 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2018-03-31 Second draft version 0.9 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2018-04-27 Release candidate 1.0 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2018-04-30 Final version 1.0.1 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2018-05-02 Formatting corrections 1.0.2 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2018-05-08 Minor additions on chapter 6 1.1 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2018-10-29 Minor additions after 3GPP comments 1.2 Alexander Wolf (TUD) 2019-03-12 Revision after Shift2Rail JU comments Internal review history: Reviewed by Date Summary of comments Edoardo Bonetto (ISMB) 2018-04-19 Review, comments and remarks Laura Masullo (SIRTI) 2018-04-19 Review, comments and remarks Laura Masullo (SIRTI) 2018-04-29 Review Document version : 1.2 Page 2 of 88 Submission date: 2019-03-12 MISTRAL D4.2 – Report on Technical and Quality of Service Viability Legal Notice The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The Members of the MISTRAL Consortium make no warranty of any kind with regard to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The Members of the MISTRAL Consortium shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. The JU cannot be held liable for any damage caused by the Members of the MISTRAL Consortium or to third parties as a consequence of implementing this Grant Agreement No 730840, including for gross negligence. The JU cannot be held liable for any damage caused by any of the beneficiaries or third parties involved in this action, as a consequence of implementing this Grant Agreement No 730840. The information included in this report reflects only the author’s view and that the JU is not responsible for any use that may be made of such information. Document version : 1.2 Page 3 of 88 Submission date: 2019-03-12 MISTRAL D4.2 – Report on Technical and Quality of Service Viability Index: 1 Executive summary ................................................................................. 9 2 Introduction .......................................................................................... 10 2.1 Purpose ............................................................................................... 10 2.2 Scope ................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Methodology ........................................................................................ 11 2.4 Outline ................................................................................................ 11 3 Requirements within Railway Communication Systems ......................... 12 3.1 Overview General Aspects ..................................................................... 12 3.2 Existing Definitions and Standardisations ................................................. 13 3.2.1 CENELEC definitions ...................................................................... 14 3.2.2 Safety requirements ...................................................................... 15 3.3 Retrospective: GSM-R ........................................................................... 16 3.3.1 Functional Requirements – Mandatory Applications features ............... 18 3.3.2 Functional Requirements – Optional Applications features .................. 22 3.3.3 Network Performance Requirements ................................................ 23 3.4 Voice Connectivity ................................................................................ 23 3.4.1 Call related services ...................................................................... 24 3.4.2 Railway specific services ................................................................ 24 3.5 Data Transmission (ERTMS/ETCS, EDOR) ................................................ 24 3.6 Cryptography ....................................................................................... 25 3.6.1 Encryption and authentication algorithms within GSM-R ..................... 25 3.6.2 EuroRadio .................................................................................... 25 3.6.3 Encryption of GSM-R traffic ............................................................ 26 3.6.4 Encryption weaknesses .................................................................. 26 3.6.5 Summary of railway specific services ............................................... 28 3.7 Overview of existing railway QoS definitions ............................................ 32 3.7.1 Specific railway Quality of Service requirements ............................... 32 3.7.2 Packet Core IP network QoS Management ........................................ 34 3.7.3 ETCS QoS Profile for GPRS ............................................................. 37 3.8 Conclusion on Requirements .................................................................. 38 4 QoS in IP-based Systems....................................................................... 41 4.1 Typical QoS implementation methods ...................................................... 42 4.1.1 Oversizing of network and bandwidth .............................................. 42 4.1.2 Reservation of bandwidth ............................................................... 42 4.1.3 Prioritisation of data packets .......................................................... 42 4.1.4 DiffServ - Differentiated Services .................................................... 43 4.1.5 Jitter buffer .................................................................................. 43 4.1.6 CoS - Classes of Service Class Application ........................................ 43 4.1.7 Prioritisation and queuing .............................................................. 43 4.2 Summary ............................................................................................ 44 5 QoS within public mobile radio networks .............................................. 45 5.1 QoS implementation in mobile technology sector ...................................... 45 5.1.1 Requirements on high service availability ......................................... 45 5.2 QoS mechanisms offered by 4G .............................................................. 46 5.2.1 Access Class Barring (ACB) ............................................................ 46 5.2.2 Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) ............................................ 46 5.2.3 QoS Class Identifier (QCI) .............................................................. 47 5.2.4 4G QoS implementation ................................................................. 47 5.2.5 Requirements and Features of EPS security: ..................................... 50 5.2.6 LTE Security architecture ............................................................... 51 5.3 QoS mechanisms offered by 5G .............................................................. 54 5.3.1 QoS Model – general overview ........................................................ 54 Document version : 1.2 Page 4 of 88 Submission date: 2019-03-12 MISTRAL D4.2 – Report on Technical and Quality of Service Viability 5.3.2 Quality Requirements in 5G Networks .............................................. 54 5.4 Architectural and procedural basics ......................................................... 54 5.4.1 Voice Services within 4G IP networks .............................................. 55 5.4.2 IP Multimedia Subsystem ............................................................... 55 5.5 3GPP Mission Critical Communication Enhancements ................................. 58 5.5.1 Quality of Service requirements for mission critical applications .......... 60 5.5.2 Derived QoS from Future Railway Mobile Communication System ....... 62 5.6 Summary ............................................................................................ 64 6 Railways QoS Implementation Requirements for future scenarios ........ 65 6.1 System architectural requirements ......................................................... 65 6.2 QoS for MISTRAL innovative services ...................................................... 66 6.3 Conditions for railway functionalities ....................................................... 68 6.3.1 Data Transmission .......................................................................