LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 16:8 August 2016 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D. G. Baskaran, Ph.D. L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics) N. Nadaraja Pillai, Ph.D. Renuga Devi, Ph.D. Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D. Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A. Contents Materials published in Language in India www.languageinindia.com are indexed in EBSCOHost database, MLA International Bibliography and the Directory of Periodicals, ProQuest (Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts) and Gale Research. The journal is included in the Cabell’s Directory, a leading directory in the USA. Articles published in Language in India are peer-reviewed by one or more members of the Board of Editors or an outside scholar who is a specialist in the related field. Since the dissertations are already reviewed by the University-appointed examiners, dissertations accepted for publication in Language in India are not reviewed again. This is our 16th year of publication. All back issues of the journal are accessible through this link: http://languageinindia.com/backissues/2001.html Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:8 August 2016 Contents i Jimmy Teo Need & Greed 1-3 Dr. V. David Arputha Raj and S. Sindhu A Study of the Ethnocentric Elements in Leanne Howe’s Miko Kings: An Indian Baseball Story 4-11 Bijayanti Devi Haobam, Ph.D. Scholar Syllable in Somdal, a Dialect of Tangkhul - A Preliminary Investigation 12-20 Dr. Deepa Moni Boruah, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D. A Morphological Study of Baiga Kinship Terminology 21-30 Haritha C K, BASLP, Ana P, BASLP, Shahanas V P, BASL, and Jenny Mevis D’souza, MASLP Establishment of Acoustic Norms for PRAAT Software in 20-25 Year Old Indian Adults 31-40 Jagneswar Badhei, M.A., M.Phil., P.G.D.T.S. The Poet as a Healer: The Story of Dr. John Keats 41-49 S. Johny, M.Phil., Ph.D. Research Scholar Aravind Malagatti’s Government Brahmana: A Discourse on Suppression and Survival 50-58 Marya Khalid and Dr. Mirza Muhammad Zubair Baig Patriarchal Consumerism: Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Gendered TVCs 59-67 Dr. D. Mary Kim Haokip Numeral System in Thadou 68-78 Anita William Quayson, B.A. (Hons.) and Emmanuel Amo Ofori, Ph.D. Thematic Analysis of Inscriptions on Shops: A Case Study of Amamoma Community 79-95 Patience Obiageri Solomon-Etefia Practing in HIV/AIDS Campaign Messages in the Benin Metropolis, Nigeria: A Statistical Communicative Analysis 96-119 Pravesh Arya, Ph.D. (SLP) and Soniya Gupta, BASLP Impact of Speechifi Device on Communication Skills of Children with Hearing Impairment 120-133 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:8 August 2016 Contents ii Ms. Preethi T Thomas and Dr. S. P. Goswami Word Association Ability in Persons with Aphasia and Dementia 134-154 K. Rajasri, M.A., M.Phil. The Theme of Self-Realisation in Patrick White’s A Fringe of Leaves 155-172 Sreelakshmi R. and Rakesh Murali Comparison of Speech Measures between Tamil and Malayalam 173-179 S. Shahira Banu,M.A., M.Phil. Discrimination, War and Redemption in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns 180-193 Samira Nazifkar, Ph.D., University of Neyshabur, Iran Roghayeh Farsi, Ph.D., University of Neyshabur, Iran Realism in Modern Physics and Postmodern Philosophy 194-204 M. SaravanapavaIyer, Ph.D. Teaching Conversational Language and the Challenges: Some Crucial Areas 205-212 S. Seethalaksmi, M.A., M.Phil. A Thematic Study of Bapsi Sidhwa’s Novel ICE-CANDY-MAN 213-225 S. Sulochana Singha, Ph.D. Scholar Nouns in Dhiyan: A Preliminary Investigation 226-236 Vishnu V.K., Sreelakshmi R. and Nandhu S Mohan Acoustic Characteristics of School Children Before and After Class Sessions 237-242 Danish Latif Nizamani, MS (Linguistics) Scholar, Bandah Ali Talpur, MS (Linguistics) Scholar and Zahid Jamali, MS (Linguistics) Scholar Influence of Class Room Environment on Students’ Motivation in Learning English at Public Sector College at Tando Allahyar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study 243-254 M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. and G. Baskaran, Ph.D. Creative Consciousness by Prof. J. S. Anand: A Review 255-258 M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Daughter of a Diplomat by Shanthy Pragalsingh: A Review 259-262 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:8 August 2016 Contents iii Dr. K. Thayalamoorthy and M. Ratchagar Autobiographical Elements in the Novel Five Point Someone by Chetan Bhagat 263-269 Gayathri S. G., M.Sc. Speech and Hearing Speech, Language and Communication Acquisition in Two Adult Hearing Impaired Speakers with Congenital Onset of Bilateral SN Hearing Loss and Body Level Hearing Aid – A Descriptive and Comparative Analyses of their Mother Tongue 270-353 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:8 August 2016 Contents iv =================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 16:8 August 2016 =================================================================== Need & Greed An Insightful View from Philosopher, Educationist and Entrepreneur Jimmy Teo ================================================================= We all have needs Including ‘wants’ & ‘greed’. Many started well Working to meet needs But soon, they embrace greed Wanting more beyond their needs. We see religious & political leaders Who should be examples of integrity & goodness Ascending the greed ladder And falling into the jail udders; The higher they climb, the harder the fall. We can travel to the same destination Irrespective of whether we are in the 1st or Economy class flight, On the Mercedes or a Hyundai, Taxi or motorcycle; The distance is the same, Only the comfort & ego booster defer. Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:8 August 2016 Jimmy Teo Need & Greed 1 We can use an expensive phone or a cheap phone; The caller & receiver are the same, Only just the ‘feel good’ factor & efficiency defer. It is all a choice To meet our needs; And it is alright to relish the extra touches If we can afford it, but not on borrowed money. It is better if we can live simply Having our needs beautifully & simply met: And giving the extras to help those needy carefully, As there will always be the poor among us. The sane approach to contented living Is to live simply without extravagance Caring & providing for our progenies Until they are self-supporting, Following our examples & footprints To help others – Our mission. 1300hr/Wed/17.2.16/Choe Dee Place Coffee Shop @Tampines. ===================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:8 August 2016 Jimmy Teo Need & Greed 2 Jimmy Teo Singapore [email protected] Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:8 August 2016 Jimmy Teo Need & Greed 3 =================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 16:8 August 2016 =================================================================== A Study of the Ethnocentric Elements in Leanne Howe’s Miko Kings: An Indian Baseball Story Dr. V. David Arputha Raj and S. Sindhu ==================================================================== Abstract There are many diverse cultures in the world. Each culture has numerous ethnic groups within it. An ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestry, social and cultural practices, homeland, religion, dialect, mythology and physical appearances. Each ethnic group has different traditions, behaviours, habits and habitat. When all these differences meet at a same place called society or country, there begins misunderstandings and hatreds among different societies or countries in the world. This hatred and misunderstanding arise primarily due to ethnocentric attitude. Ethnocentrism is the tendency of understanding the world only from the viewpoint of one’s own affiliation and assessing others Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:8 August 2016 Dr. V. David Arputha Raj and S. Sindhu 4 A Study of the Ethnocentric Elements in Leanne Howe’s Miko Kings: An Indian Baseball Story strictly based on the terms of their own ethnicity. This paper attempts to analyse in detail ethnocentrism, its characteristics, types, causes and effects, through the Native American novel Miko Kings: An Indian Baseball Story by LeAnne Howe, which talks about Native American culture, its people, habits, habitats in detail and also the suppression of the Native Americans by the White Americans, in addition to highlighting the causes for all the problems with reference to selected novel. Key words: ethnocentrism, LeAnne Howe, Miko Kings, indigenous writing, culture studies Perceiving Cultural Patterns - Ethnocentrism People perceive the world based on the cultural patterns that already exist in their minds and they tend to think and evaluate the rest of the world in the same way that they perceive. What people in one culture find to be natural and normal is found absurd by people of other cultures and at times, even disgusting. Moreover, these ideas, of what is right and wrong or good and bad, change over time and over cultures. This tendency to draw on one’s own personal experiences to understand others’ motivations is known as ‘ethnocentrism’. Ethnocentrism refers to the wide-ranging belief in the cultural superiority of one’s own ethnic group or an unusually high regard for one’s own ethnic, religious or cultural group. This method of using one’s own culture superior to all other cultures is called ethnocentrism. The term ‘ethnocentrism’ is derived from Greek words, viz. ‘ethnos’, which means for people or nation, and ‘kentrikos’, which means relating to the centre. From the origin of the term, it can be defined as the tendency to understand the world only from the point of one’s own unit of affiliation and evaluating all others strictly based on one’s own group.