ADB Project Document TA–1234: Strategy for Liaoning North Yellow Sea Regional Cooperation and Development Technical Report G: Liaoning’s Port Resources Management September L2MN This report was prepared by Wang Weiguang under the direction of Ying Qian and Philip Chang. We are grateful to Wang Jin and Zhang Bingnan for implementation support. Special thanks to Edith Joan Nacpil and Zhuang Jian, for comments and insights. Li Xiaomei, Zang Hongmin, Hu Huiya and Kang Peng provided indispensable research assistance Asian Development Bank ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City MZZ2 Metro Manila, Philippines www.adb.org © L2MZ by Asian Development Bank April L2MZ ISSN 3M3-4Z3 (Print), L3M3-4ZGZ (e-ISSN) Publication Stock No. WPSXXXXXX-X The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country “ in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Note: In this publication, the symbol “$“refers to US dollars. Printed on recycled paper Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... iv I. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 A. Context and Objective of the Study .................................................................................... 1 B. Research Rationality and Methodology .............................................................................. 3 C. Definitions of Related Concepts ......................................................................................... 4 1. Definition of port logistics and its characteristics ................................................................. 4 2. Domestic and foreign research on the efficiency of port resources management .............. 6 3. Port resources ....................................................................................................................... 8 4. The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road .................................... 9 D. Functions of Port Logistics .................................................................................................. 9 1. Transport and transhipment function .................................................................................. 9 2. Service function .................................................................................................................. 10 3. Industrial function ............................................................................................................... 10 4. Trade function ..................................................................................................................... 11 5. National defence and military function .............................................................................. 11 E. Analysis of the development of ports: efficiency-benefit .................................................. 12 II. Overview of Port Resources of Liaoning Province ..................................................... 15 A. The Layout and Development Plan of Ports in Liaoning Province ...................................... 15 B. Status of the Management of Port Resources in Liaoning Province ................................... 17 1. Integration, merger and restructuring of the port cluster .................................................. 17 2. Status of the construction of port resources ...................................................................... 18 3. The status of the internal management of ports ................................................................ 22 4. The status of the supporting external resources of the port .............................................. 22 C. Management Problems .................................................................................................... 23 1. The planning and layout of ports and the port systems and mechanisms in Liaoning Province ....................................................................................................................................... 23 2. Unreasonable positioning of the ports ............................................................................... 24 3. Port resources and structural capacities ............................................................................. 25 4. Internal management of the ports ..................................................................................... 25 5. The ports’ capacity to support port-centred industries ...................................................... 26 D. DEA Method of the Comprehensive Evaluation of Port Resources in Liaoning Province .... 27 1. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ....................................................................................... 27 2. Input-output Indicator Selection based on the Variable Model of Economies of Scale ..... 33 3. Input and output indicators of DMU data sample .............................................................. 34 III. Operation Efficiency Evaluation of Core Ports in Liaoning Province .......................... 36 A. Introduction of SWOT Analysis ......................................................................................... 36 B. The Operation Efficiency Evaluation of Dalian Port ........................................................... 37 1. Analysis of the Operation Status and Internal and External Environment in Dalian Port ... 37 2. Analysis of Pure Technology Efficiency and Scale Efficiency of Dalian Port Operation ...... 40 3. The Redundancy Analysis on the Input and output Resources to Improve the Operation Efficiency of Dalian Port ............................................................................................................... 42 C. The Operation Efficiency Evaluation of Yingkou Port ........................................................ 43 1. Current Operation Status of Yingkou Port and Analysis on its Internal and External Environment ................................................................................................................................ 43 2. Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Operation Efficiency of Yingkou Port ..................... 45 3. Analysis on Technical and Scale Efficiency of Yingkou Port Operation ............................... 47 i 4. Analysis on the Input and Output Resources Redundancy of the Operation Efficiency of Yingkou Port ................................................................................................................................ 49 D. The Operation Efficiency Evaluation of Jinzhou Port ......................................................... 51 1. Current Operation Status of Jinzhou Port and Analysis on its Internal and External Environment ................................................................................................................................ 51 2. The Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Operation Efficiency of the Port of JinZhou ....... 54 3. The Analysis of the Technical Efficiency and Scale Efficiency of the Port of JinZhou .......... 58 4. The Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Operation Efficiency of the Port of JinZhou ....... 60 E. SWOT Analysis of the Other Ports of Liaoning Province .................................................... 62 1. SWOT Analysis of the Port of Dandong ............................................................................... 62 2. SWOT Analysis of the Port of Huludao ................................................................................ 64 3. SWOT Analysis of the Port of Panjin ................................................................................... 67 4. SWOT Analysis of the Port of SuiZhong ............................................................................... 73 IV. Comparative Analysis on Ports Operation Efficiency among the Bohai Bay Economic Rim, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pan-Pearl River Delta Regions ................................ 77 A. The indicator system and data source .............................................................................. 78 B. The Comparative Analysis of Efficiency among Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pan- Pearl River Delta Regions ......................................................................................................... 81 C. The Input-Output Redundancy Analysis for Port Logistics Enterprises to Reach Optimal Efficiency in Three Regions ....................................................................................................... 84 D. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 88 V. Solutions and Suggestions for Improving Resources Management in Liaoning Port .. 91 A. Integrating into the Belt and Road Initiative and Promoting Coordinated Regional Development ........................................................................................................................... 91 B. Innovating Institutional Mechanism to Improve Operating Efficiency of Ports in Liaoning