INNER HARBOUR LOG YARD, PORT OF LYTTELTON, LYTTELTON: REPORT ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING HNZPT AUTHORITY 2015/635EQ KURT BENNETT, JESSIE GARLAND AND CHRISTINE WHYBREW UNDERGROUND OVERGROUND ARCHAEOLOGY LTD DECEMBER 2016 UNPUBLISHED REPORT FOR LYTTELTON PORT COMPANY TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Historical research ........................................................................................................................... 6 Archaeological monitoring .............................................................................................................. 7 Report .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Artefact analysis .............................................................................................................................. 7 Historical background .......................................................................................................................... 7 Results ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Stratigraphy ................................................................................................................................... 18 M36/220: Forbes building ................................................................................................................. 24 Historical background .................................................................................................................... 24 Results of archaeological monitoring ............................................................................................ 25 Artefact analysis ............................................................................................................................ 33 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 44 M36/229: Ōhinehou .......................................................................................................................... 44 Historical background .................................................................................................................... 44 Results of archaeological monitoring ............................................................................................ 45 M36/293: Erskine Bay seawall .......................................................................................................... 45 Historical background .................................................................................................................... 45 Results of archaeological monitoring ............................................................................................ 46 Artefact analysis ............................................................................................................................ 52 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 55 M36/299: Heywood’s jetty/Heywood’s and Forbe’s jetty ................................................................ 55 Historical background .................................................................................................................... 55 Results of archaeological monitoring ............................................................................................ 56 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 57 M36/300: Hargreaves’ store ............................................................................................................. 57 Historical background .................................................................................................................... 57 Results of archaeological monitoring ............................................................................................ 58 M36/302: Rail reclamation, northern reclamation ........................................................................... 60 Historical background .................................................................................................................... 60 Results of archaeological monitoring ............................................................................................ 61 Artefact analysis ............................................................................................................................ 76 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 85 M36/304: Railway lines associated with the Lyttelton railway......................................................... 85 Historical background .................................................................................................................... 85 2 Results of archaeological monitoring ............................................................................................ 86 Artefact analysis ............................................................................................................................ 90 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 92 M36/310: Cunningham’s store.......................................................................................................... 92 Historical background .................................................................................................................... 92 Results of archaeological monitoring ............................................................................................ 93 Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 101 M36/311: First eastern reclamation ............................................................................................... 101 Historical background .................................................................................................................. 101 Results of archaeological monitoring .......................................................................................... 102 Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 103 M36/318: Produce sheds ................................................................................................................ 103 Historical background .................................................................................................................. 103 Results of archaeological monitoring .......................................................................................... 104 Artefact analysis .......................................................................................................................... 113 Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 113 M36/337: Turntable and engine sheds ........................................................................................... 114 Historical background .................................................................................................................. 114 Results of archaeological monitoring .......................................................................................... 114 Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 121 M36/344: Brick barrel drains .......................................................................................................... 121 Historical background .................................................................................................................. 121 Results of archaeological monitoring .......................................................................................... 123 Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 125 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 125 References ....................................................................................................................................... 127 Appendix: Methods of artefact analysis.......................................................................................... 130 Dating: the TPQ method .............................................................................................................. 130 Ceramic artefacts ........................................................................................................................ 130 Faunal material ...........................................................................................................................