Portrait of Yorkshire and 1 The Humber By Ian Kay, Office for National Statistics Introduction Key points Yorkshire and The Humber covers 15,408 square kilometres Yorkshire and The Humber has: and is the fifth largest region in England. Its population of 5.2 million in 2007 is larger than Scotland’s making it the third average geographic size, population density and least populous region in England. Over 80 per cent of the birth rate population lives in urban areas with a population over 10,000. more land in national parks than any other English The region has a long eastern coastline facing the North Sea. Region To the west, the Pennine Hills separate it from the North West many areas of low deprivation but twice as many region (see Map 3.1). It is easily accessible from the East areas of high deprivation Midlands, to the south, via the M1 motorway, A1 and the East Coast main line railway, with the latter two providing easy more manufacturing and less business activities than access from the North East. Just inside the West Yorkshire average border with Greater Manchester is the highest motorway in the lowest productivity (gross value added per hour) England, where the M62 reaches 372 metres above sea level. of any English region North Yorkshire is the largest of the four sub-regions (NUTS2 the lowest proportion of children travelling to school areas – see boundary map on page yyy) and largely rural (see in a car Map 3.2), with 0.6 million residents living in 8,300 square km. Nearly half the entire region’s agricultural production comes from North Yorkshire. It also contains the majority of two National Parks – the heather moorlands of the North York Moors and the Pennine hills of the Yorkshire Dales. The sub-region of Eastern Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire has 0.9 million residents living in about 3,500 square km. A significant industry in the sub-region is manufacturing, which created 28 per cent of its output in 2006, compared with 16 per cent or less in other sub-regions. It contains Grimsby and Immingham, the UK’s largest port, which handled 66 million tonnes of goods in 2007. The Humber Bridge connects Kingston upon Hull with Northern Lincolnshire. Built in 1981 its main span of 1,410m was the longest in the world for over 15 years. Despite containing part of the Peak District, South Yorkshire is the second most densely populated sub-region, with 1.3 million residents in about 1,500 square km. Doncaster is well connected, sitting on the East Coast main line, by the A1(M) motorway and with an airport handling one million passengers in 2007. Sheffield had around 55,000 higher education students in its two universities in 2007/08. South Yorkshire’s main industries of coal mining and steel production Ian Kay is Regional Statistician for Yorkshire and and manufacturing declined in the late 20th century, as The Humber portrayed by the 1990s films ’Brassed Off‘ and ’The Full Monty‘. Tel: 0113 394 9940 West Yorkshire is the most densely populated of the four Email: [email protected] sub-regions. Its 2,000 square km contains 2.2 million residents, 52 Regional Trends 41: 2009 edition Portrait of Yorkshire and The Humber Map 3.1 Yorkshire and The Humber: physical features 1 PENNINES NORTH YORK MOORS Key Howardian Hills National Parks YORKSHIRE DALES Nidderdale Parks and areas of natural beauty Harrogate York Woodland Bradford Leeds Kingston upon Hull Halifax Huddersfield Relief (metres) Grimsby Scunthorpe Barnsley Doncaster 600 PEAK 200 Sheffield 0 Map 3.2 Yorkshire and The Humber: local or unitary authority, NUTS 21 sub-regions and Rural and Urban Area Classification2 Regional boundary NUTS 2 boundary Local or unitary authority boundary Scarborough Rural and Urban Area Classification Richmondshire Urban population over 10,000 Hambleton –Less Sparse Ryedale Urban population over 10,000 NORTH YORKSHIRE –Sparse Town and Fringe–Less Sparse Craven Harrogate Town and Fringe–Sparse EAST YORKSHIRE AND York UA NORTHERN LINCOLNSHIRE Village, Hamlet and Isolated Dwellings–Less Sparse East Riding of Yorkshire UA Bradford Village, Hamlet and Isolated Leeds Dwellings–Sparse Selby 1 WEST YORKSHIRE Calderdale 1 City of Kingston upon Hull UA Wakefield 2 North Lincolnshire UA 3 North East Lincolnshire UA Kirklees 2 3 Barnsley Doncaster SOUTH YORKSHIRE Sheffield Rotherham 11 NomenclatureNomenclature ofof UnitsUnits forfor TerritorialTerritorial Statistics,Statistics, levellevel 22 22 By By Lower Lower Layer Layer Super Super Output Output Area Area 53 Portrait of Yorkshire and The Humber Regional Trends 41: 2009 edition amounting to over 40 per cent of the total regional population. 1,150 mm, and much less than Wales and Scotland, which each It also generated 45 per cent (£37.6 billion) of the region’s had over 1,350 mm. economic contribution (gross value added or GVA) of 1 £82.9 billion in 2006. Leeds-Bradford is the highest airport in Population England and, with 2.9 million passengers in 2007, the busiest airport in the region (although every other English region has a Yorkshire and The Humber had a population of 5.2 million in busier airport). Leeds Metropolitan University, the University of mid-2007, less than all the other English regions except the Leeds and the University of Huddersfield in Kirklees had around North East (2.6 million) and the East Midlands (4.4 million). 80,000 higher education students between them in 2007/08. In total, Yorkshire and The Humber had 8.5 per cent of the UK population in 2007. Other than the National Parks, tourist attractions in Yorkshire and The Humber include Flamingo Land theme park and zoo in The region consists of 21 metropolitan boroughs, unitary Ryedale, Xscape in Wakefield, York Minster and the National authorities or local authority districts, (see Map 3.2) the fewest Railway Museum in York, the National Media Museum in of any English region, which means they tend to have large Bradford, Eureka!, The Museum for Children in Calderdale, and populations. Of the five authorities with the largest populations the National Coal Mining Museum in Kirklees. Domestic in the UK in 2007, three were in Yorkshire and The Humber. tourists spent an average of £1,412 million per year in the Leeds, with 760,000, was second only to Birmingham region for the years 2006 and 2007, the fifth highest figure for (1,010,000). Then, after Glasgow (580,000), were Sheffield the English regions. However, overseas visitors (tourists, (530,000) and Bradford (500,000) (Online table 1.2). Over a business travellers and those visiting friends and relatives) spent third of the region’s residents lived in Leeds, Sheffield or an average of £404 million per year in Yorkshire and The Bradford in 2007. Humber during 2006 and 2007, third lowest of the English The local authority with the smallest 2007 population in the regions after the North East and East Midlands. (Online table region was Richmondshire with an estimated 51,000 residents, 3.21). As a proportion of household expenditure by residents, although Craven (56,000) and Ryedale (53,000) were not overseas visitors’ expenditure in the region in 2006 and 2007 much larger. Apart from the local authorities of North was the lowest of all regions. Yorkshire, every authority in the region had over 150,000 The original Yorkshire region designated by the National residents (see Figure 3.3). Rivers Authority had a long-term average annual rainfall of Population density in Yorkshire and The Humber in 2007 was 823 millimetres between 1961 and 1990 (Online table 5.1). 336 people per square km, ranking it fifth of the nine English This was very similar to the England average (823mm) but less regions. This was below the England average of 392 but above than the North West and South West, which each had over Figure 3.3 Population of local authorities in Yorkshire and The Humber, mid-2007 Leeds Sheffield Bradford Kirklees East Riding of Yorkshire UA Wakefield Doncaster Kingston upon Hull, City of UA Rotherham Barnsley Calderdale York UA North Lincolnshire UA Harrogate North East Lincolnshire UA Scarborough Hambleton Selby Craven Ryedale Richmondshire 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Thousands Source: Office for National Statistics 54 Regional Trends 41: 2009 edition Portrait of Yorkshire and The Humber the UK average of 251. Population density in the region’s Figure 3.5 Mid-year population estimates authorities ranged from 3,600 people per square km in by 5 year age band and sex, Kingston upon Hull to 35 in Ryedale. The only other authorities Yorkshire and The Humber, 2007 with more than 1,000 people per square km were Sheffield, 1 Leeds and Bradford. 90+ UK average 85-89 The population of the region increased by 175,400, or 3.5 per 80-84 Females Males cent, between mid-2002 and mid-2007. This was larger than 75-79 the UK increase of 2.8 per cent, and only the East Midlands 70-74 65-69 and East of England (both 4.2 per cent), South West (4.1 per 60-64 cent) and Northern Ireland (3.7 per cent) had larger increases. 55-59 50-54 Natural change, being births minus deaths, was 44,100 (25 per 45-49 cent) of the increase which means most of the population Age in years 40-44 increase was therefore migration from other regions or abroad. 35-39 30-34 Figure 3.4 shows that net inter-regional migration to the region 25-29 20-24 was small in 2007, with slightly more people leaving for other 15-19 regions than arriving from other regions.