1 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 2 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) ISSN: 2251 - 6204 www.mjltm.com [email protected] [email protected] Editor – in – Chief Hamed Ghaemi, Islamic Azad University, Iran Editorial Board University of Medical Sciences, Abednia Arman, PhD in TEFL, Iran Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Grim Frédérique M. A., Associate Professor of French, Colorado State Azizi Masoud, PhD in Applied University, USA Linguisitcs, University of Tehran, Iran Izadi Dariush, PhD candidate in Applied Linguistics, Macquarie Basiroo Reza, PhD in TEFL, University, Sydney, Australia Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 University of Tehran, International Campus, Iran Kargozari Hamid Reza, PhD Candidate in TEFL, Payame Noor Elahi Shirvan Majid, PhD in University of Tehran, Iran TEFL, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Kaviani Amir, Assistant Professor at Zayed University, UAE Fernández Miguel, PhD, Chicago State University, USA Kirkpatrick Robert, Assistant Professor of Applied Linguistics, Ghaemi Hamide, PhD in Speech Shinawatra International and Language Pathology, Mashhad University, Thailand Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 2 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) Morady Moghaddam Mostafa, Rolstad Kellie, PhD, Associate PhD Candidate in TEFL, Professor of Education, University University of Tabriz, Iran of Maryland, USA Ndhlovu Finex, PhD, Linguistics Shahbazirad Mohammad, PhD Programme, University of New in English language and Literature, England, Australia Yerevan State University, Armenia Raddaoui Ali Hechemi, PhD, Weir George R. S., PhD in Associate Professor of Applied Philosophy of Psychology, Linguistics, University of University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Wyoming in Laramie, USA UK Rezaei Saeed, PhD in TEFL, Zegarac Vladimir, PhD, Sharif University of Technology, University of Bedfordshire, UK Tehran, Iran Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 2 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) Abstracting/Indexing Index Copernicus 2011 Linguistics Abstract EBSCO Publication Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 3 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) Lulu Publication Directory of Open Access Journals ProQuest Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 Modern Language Association Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 4 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) Cabell's Directories COPE Directory Of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 5 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) Indian Citation Index International Society of Universal Research in Sciences J-Gate Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 6 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) TABLE OF CONTENTS Sociological factors in politeness theory: emphasizing on distance in the case of Jane Ayre and the Persian translations Hossein Hosseini and Reza Biria……………………………………………….8 Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies: a triangulated study Majid Ghyasi, Zahra Safdaria and Mohammad Amini Farsani………………15 American headway starter: a textbook evaluation Parya Agharazi Ashtiani……………………………………………………...30 The relationship between motivation and language learning strategies in foreign language learning: a cognitive perspective Hengameh Tashakori………………………………………………………..…37 An investigation into the effect of teaching phrasal verbs on the learners’ knowledge of grammatical patterns Akram Sadeqkouhestani and Ramin Rahimy…………………………………48 Does viewing test items at different times matter in English for academic purpose listening test? Aytaged Sisay Zeleke………………………………………………………….63 Critical discourse analysis of 20:30 news broadcasting Omid Azad……………………………………………………………………78 The efficiency of planned focus on form on the success in ELT Nejla Gezmiş Ceyhan…………………………………………………………84 A study on indicators of writing instruction in Iranian English as a foreign language curriculum at guidance and high school educational levels Maryam Danaye Tous, Abdorreza Tahriri and Fateme Gholami……………100 The effect of mixed-up stories on vocabulary learning and retention of Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 EFL learners Yaser Kheyrkhah Nia, Hamed Ghaemi and Shahram Afraz…………………111 Guided writing tasks vs. production writing tasks in teaching writing: the impact on Iranian EFL learners' paragraph writing Ensieh Saberi, Ramin Rahimi……………………………………………..…129 Learning strategies of Malaysian learners of Arabic as a foreign language: beliefs and frequency of use Abdullah Musallam Alhashmi……………………………………………….143 The use of address forms in Iranian religious discourse: the case of people in different social classes of Iran Ahmad Molavi and Akbar Afghari……………………………………….….161 Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 7 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) World Language Teachers: Self-perceptions of Their TPACK Kelly Moser and Jessica Ivy………………………………………………….167 The Praxis II World Language Test: Perspectives of Spanish Faculty and Teacher Candidates at One University Kelly Moser…………………………………………………………………..191 Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 8 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN POLITENESS THEORY: EMPHASIZING ON DISTANCE IN THE CASE OF JANE AYRE AND THE PERSIAN TRANSLATIONS Hosseini, H. PhD student (corresponding author) Department of English, Khorasgan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran [email protected] Reza Biria, PhD Azad University, Khorasgan Branch [email protected] Abstract Politeness refers to the activities which aim at the social and cultural norms of linguistic communication. The current study investigates the politeness strategies used in the “Jane Ayre” novel by Charlotte Brontё (1847) and the Persian translation by Mehdi Afshar (2005), emphasizing on sociological factors. The factors mentioned here are distance, power and imposition of rank by focusing on distance. According to this article it seems there is another factor in addition to the preceded factors which leads to expressing some especial utterances. By considering the culture, sociological factors and the situation in different parts of the story it has been clear that “character” is important in utterances as well. The achievement is that “character” can also lead to using politeness as other factors. Investigating the utterances indicates that the relationship between politeness theory and distance is reciprocal. That is, not only does distance cause politeness but also sometimes politeness is used to make distance. Downloaded from mjltm.org at 0:31 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 This paper examines how politeness is used to make distance between two characters. 1) INTRODUCTION Linguistics and literature have been claimed to have a difficult relationship and some research have been done in this regard. Since one of the debating subjects in linguistic studies is politeness theory, recently it has been considered as one of the raising issues in stylistic analysis of literature, as well. Many researchers have investigated politeness theory from different viewpoints but the most significant one of all is Brown and Levinson’s (1987) study. The current study consists of two parts; first part attempts to take a look at Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness in the case of sociological factors- power, distance and ranking of the imposition. The second part consists of the considering “Jane Ayre” novel by Charlotte Brontё (1847) and the Persian translation by Mehdi Afshar (2005), in order to examine the relationship between sociological factors and politeness theory. Vol. 3, Issue 2, June 2013 9 Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM) 2) Brown and Levinson’s theory of Politeness One of the key concepts of Brown and Levinson’s theory is model person (MP) who is a fluent speaker of a natural language. According to Brown and Levinson (1987:84), “our MP is a reasonable approximation to universal assumptions”. MP’s properties are “rationality” and “face”. The theoretical concept is borrowed from Goffman (1967 :306), who defines it as “the image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes”, and therefore as “the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself .” Hence the related notion of ‘face –work’, which designates all the actions taken by an individual to behave consistently with face. Goffman (1967) believes that face can be threatened, maintained or enhanced. According to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory face is the public self-image that each member claims for himself. The concept of face is culture bound, but they emphasize that the mutual knowledge of members’ face and the social context that necessitate them choosing special utterances in interactions, are universal. Face in this definition is divided into two types: (i) Negative face: the want of every ‘component adult member’ that his actions be unimpeded by others. (ii) Positive face: the want of every member that his wants be desirable to some others. In this theory most speech acts which intrinsically