Index Asch Yegor Ivanovich von 139, 158 Aaronsohn R. 2, 3, 25 Ashkenazi Jews 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 173 absolutist monarchies 30 Assaf David 174, 196 Adler Elkan 13 Åstorp family 57 administrators 43 Astrakhan' 200 Admor of Ḥabad 197, 201 Aukštaite 14 Africa 45 Austria 15, 31, 33 agricultural colonies 57 Austrian Galicia 3, 45, 173, 198 agricultural Jewish society 57 Bacon G. 2 agricultural managers 147, 150, 169, 172, 173, Baczyżmalski 150 199 Bagrimovichi 162 agriculture 169, 176, 199, 205, 211 Baltic basin 206 Agursky Mikhail 4 Baltic fleet 139 Aharon the Great 59, 196 Baltic German 37 Aḥi'ezer Golda 20 Baltic Sea ports 206, 208 alcohol 2, 24, 25, 26, 47, 168, 174, 206, 211, 218 Baranov Dmitri 40 alcoholic beverages 2, 48, 207 Baranovichi 48, 208, 209, 210 Aleksander I (of Poland) 20, 21 barbarian states 21 Aleksandrov Hillel 51, 63 barbers 145, 150, 155, 157, 159, 160, 161, 164, Alekseyev Ivan 40 165, 169, 171 Alenitsin Vladimir 52, 53 Barshchevniki 204 Alexander of Tver' 15 Bartal Israel 13, 20, 33, 35, 39, 181, 195, 196, Alexander I 38, 39, 40, 139 200, 217 Alexander II 36, 42, 44, 52, 218 Basilian monastery 161 Alexander III 19, 47, 134 Basilian priest 161 Alexander M. 3, 27 Basista J. 3 Alexei Mikhailovich 206 Beauvois Daniel 43 Algirdas (Olgierd) 15 Begin Menaḥem 212 Alsace-Lorraine 134 Begoml' 48 Altmann Wilhelm 19 Beizer Michael 200, 217 American 45 Belarus VIII, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 29, 31, American Revolution 140 37, 38, 40, 44, 58, 133, 134, 138, 139, 140, Andrusovo, Treaty of 33 141, 165, 181, 184, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, Andrzejkowicz 150 207, 212, 213, 218, 219 Anjou 16 Belarusian VII, 10, 11, 14, 36, 38, 43, 133, 136, Annopol 134 137, 140, 176, 195, 205, 212, 219 Arabic 13 Belarusian Guberniya 138 Arakcheyev Aleksey 40 Belarusian Jewry 9 Archimandrites 141 Belarusian nobles 133 Arctic 206 Belarusian Polesye 173 Arkhangelsk 206 Belarusian province(s) 31, 37 Aronson Michael 44 Belarusian szlachta 138 artisan guild 42 Belarusians 43, 195 artisans 169, 172 Beloruchye 57, 142, 146, 149, 185, 190 Asch Ivan Fedorovich 139 Belostok 208 Index 249 Benckendorff Alexander 42 189, 192, 193, 194, 199, 201, 202, 203, 207, Benedictine nuns of 160 212 Ben-Sasson Ḥayim 27, 28 Borkowska G. 31 Beregovaya Sloboda 212, 214 Borovliany 204 Beresenevka 47 Borowski 144 Berezino 56, 57, 64, 185, 188, 190, 192 Borsuk 150 Bereztsy 162 bourgeoisie 45 Berger D. 45, 46 boyars 14, 15, 133 Bergman Eleonora 3 Brafman 44 Berlin 207 Bragin 48, 60, 65, 136, 142, 147, 148, 149, 170, Bernardines 60 191 Bernheim Ernst 19 Brennan Th. E. 25 Bernowicz Michał 150 Brest 18, 19, 29, 184, 207, 208 Bersohn Mathias 18 Bretholz Bertold 18 Bezobrazova 158 Briacheslav 11 Biblical 13 Briansk 208 Bielokowicz 150 bridge-builders 49, 177 bishop in partibus 141 British 45, 140 bishops 132 British Africa 45 Bishops of Vilna 57, 60 British government 140 Black Rus 14 British India 45 Black Sea 21, 25, 206, 207 British mandatory Palestine 200 Black Sea basin 206, 207 British navy 140 Black Sea ports 206 British Russia Company 58, 140 Blobaum R. 45, 173 Brochocki 144 Blon' 188 Brody 162 Bludov Dmitry 41, 42 Brozha 55, 203 Bobovnia 66, 191 Brutskus Ber 46 Bobruisk 6, 47, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55, 63, 67, 68, Budberg Gotthard von 40 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 133, 138, 142, 144, 145, Budreckis Algirdas 14 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, Bulygin Alexander 49 158, 159, 160, 162, 170, 171, 172, 185, 189, Bułhak 47, 150 192, 193, 197, 201, 202, 203, 207, 208 Bułharynowa 150 bobyl' 148, 150, 155, 160, 161, 168, 171 Bunge Nikolai von 45 Bogdanowicz 150 burghers 37, 42, 51, 54, 62, 172 Bogushevichi 56, 57, 64, 165, 185, 188, 190, 192 Burszta Józef 3 Bogusz 144 Burzyński 150 Boguszewski 150 butchers 164, 169, 172 Bohemia 16, 18 Butrymowicz Mateusz 31, 32, 151 Bohemian Chronicle 1 Butsevshchina 204 Bolesław the Pious 18 Bykowski 142, 151 Boris Godunov 206 Bykowski Mikołaj 141, 160 Borisov 6, 47, 51, 55, 56, 57, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70, Bykovski Semion L'vovich 158 71, 72, 73, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 142, 144, Bytom 1 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, Canaan 13 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, Canaanite Jews 11, 13, 20, 21 165, 169, 170, 171, 172, 178, 183, 185, 186, Cancrin Georg 41, 42 250 Index candle levy 186 Christian 19, 27, 194 candle-maker 164 Christianity 21 cantor 164 Christians 28, 194 Cardinal Laws 31 Chrzanowski 151 Carmelites of Glubokoye 160 Cieśła Maria 2, 3, 30 Carolingian France 21 Ciudziewicki 151 Carpathian Mountains 24, 164 Clarke Renfrey 25 carpenters 49, 177 committee 5 Catherine II the Great 139, 206 Commonwealth of Both Nations 23 Catholic 10, 31, 141, 143 communal leaders 183, 186 Catholic bishop 141 communal leadership 183 Catholic Church 132, 141 communal regulations 183 Catholic parish 141, 160 confectioners 164 Catholic priest 160 confederation 30 Caucasus 200 confederation of Bar 31 census lists 54, 56,165, 212, 213 confederation of Radom 31 census of the Jewish population 30 confederation of Targowica 33 censuses of population 30, 46, 52, 184 Congress Poland 3, 5 Central Europe 207 Constantine 139 Central Poland 178 constitution of May 3rd 32 Chalecka 144 constitutional monarchy 31 Chalecki family 57 corporate companies 50 Chalecki Kazimierz 144 corvée 22, 27, 169, 199 Chancellor Richard 206 Cosmas of Prague 1 Chatajewicki 159, 199 Cossack 15 Chemerinski Ḥayim 173, 174 Cossack rebellion 36 chemist assistances 49, 177 Council of Four Lands 29, 181, 184 chemists 51 Council of Lithuania 29, 59, 60, 181, 184 Cheremshina 204 court barber 169 Cherepakhova 158 court Jews 169, 173 Chernigov 13 courtiers 148, 150, 172 Chernitsa 142, 186 Cracow 15, 23, 29 Chernobyl' 136 craftsmen 38, 43, 49, 177 Cherven' 56 Crimea 19, 139 China 13 Crimean Khanate 206 Chlebowski Bronisław 209 Crimean peninsula 200 Chmara Adam 144 Crown Poland 2, 23, 29, 30, 33, 59, 60, 164, Chmara Hipolit 144 181, 183, 184, 186, 218 Chmara Marianna 144 Cydzin 160 Chodkiewicz 142 Cyrillic 10 Chodkiewicz Aleksander Franciszek 136, 144 Czacky Tadeusz 40 Chodkiewicz family 58 Czapski 47 Chojecki 151 Czarist regime 48 Chreptowicz 142 Czarnecki family 59 Chreptowicz Ireneusz 55 Czarnecki Franciszek Władysław 137, 144 Chreptowicz Joachim 55, 136, 144 Czar's taverns 36 Chreptowicz family 55, 136 Czartoryski Adam 38, 40, 133, 137, 144 Index 251 Czartoryski family 30, 57 Driza 178 Czechowski 151 Drozdowski M. 184 Cziachowski Piotr 194 Drucki-Lubecki Karol Jόzef 6, 59, 136, 142, 144 Damocles VII Dubnov Shimon 181, 196 Danish 133, 138 Dubrava 203 Daraganovo 210 Dubrova 204 Dashkov Dmitry 41 Dubrovka 29 Daugava 206 Dukora 56, 57, 64, 190, 192 David-Gorodok 11, 58, 142, 147, 148, 151, 170 Durnavo Piotr 49 Deccan 45 Dvina 11 Decembrist conspiracy 134 Dynner Glen 3, 196 Dekel-Chen Jonathan 200 Dyszliewicz 142, 151 dentists 49, 177 Dzerzhinsk 57 Derzhavin Gavriil 38 Dzikowiecki 151 Diatlovichi 141, 160 early marriages (nisuei boser) 178 Diebitsch Hans Karl von 41 early Middle Ages 1, 219 Diet (Sejm) 22, 30, 31, 32, 153, 154, 156 East European 26, 212 diggers 49, 177 East European Jewry 1, 18, 26 disabled 172 East European rural Jews VII Disna 6, 11, 192 East Slavic 11, 14, 15 dissidents 31 East Slavs 14 distilleries 168, 174, 175 Eastern Belarus 25 district marshals 5, 37, 40, 136, 137 Eastern Europe 9, 13, 17, 21, 22, 54, 178, 200, Dmitry Donskoy 15 206, 219 Dmitry Ivanovich 20 ecclesiastic estates 25 Dmochowski 151 ecclesiastic institutions 10, 132, 140 Dnieper 137, 206 Ehrlich Avrum 197 Dniester 206 Eisenbach A. 31, 32, 199 Dnipro 200 Eliyahu 197, 218 Dobrowolski Iwan 151 Elizabeth 15 Dokshitskaya Sloboda 55, 56, 144, 145, 146, Elyasaf Ami VII 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, emancipation of serfs 42, 43, 45, 140, 173 162, 170, 171, 185, 189, 192 engineers 51 Dokshitsy 4, 51, 55, 56, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, English 10, 133, 139, 206 72, 145, 150, 151, 152, 155, 156, 158, 160, English merchant 159 161, 170, 171, 185, 189, 192 enserfment of peasants 22, 23, 207 Dolski Jan Karol 59 epidemic of cholera 213 Domanovo 203 Es'mon 63, 162, 169, 185, 189 Domeyko Hipolit 151 Esther 213 ethnic-religious corporation 217 Dominican monastery 141, 161, 169 Etkes Immanuel 197 Dominican monastery of Khatayevichi 160 Ettinger Shmuel 20, 35, 39 Dominican monastery of Pinsk 161 Europe 21, 134, 206 Dominicans 141 European 13, 21, 23 Dondukov-KorsakovAlexander 44 European Russia 52 Doroshevichi 47 eviction lists VII, 5, 7, 10, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 132, Drachkovo 188 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 142, 165, 168, 169, Dregovichi 11 178, 180, 181, 185, 186, 194, 212, 213, 214 252 Index eviction of rural Jews 37, 41, 49, 50 gardeners 49, 177 Falichi 210 Gąsowski Tomasz 45 Falkus Macolm E. 207 Gdańsk 206 Familia 30 Gediminas 14, 15 farmers 38, 42, 142, 153, 157, 159, 162, 163, 165, Gelber Nathan 31 169, 172, 176, 199, 200, 202, 219 Gellman Uriel 197, 198 Fastov 162 general Jewish population 46, 52, 179, 180, February revolution of 1917 45 197, 217 Fedorowicz 151 general leaseholders 24 25, 28, 29, 194 female astrologers 194 general rural population 53 ferrymen 54, 147, 150, 169, 172 Georgian 133, 139 feudal society 23 German 15, 18, 20, 133, 136, 139, 197 feudal system 2 German Empire 134 feudalism 21 Germans 43 feudalization 21, 22 Germany 1, 19 fifth Jewish committee 42, 44 Gerutis Albertas 14 Filip Sulimierski 209 Giers Aleksey 49 First Lithuanian Statute 22 Gil Moshe 13 First Partition of Poland 31, 37, 39, 206 Gitelman Zvi 50, 59 fiscal censuses 4, 9, 10, 51, 54, 201, 212 glassmakers 164, 172 fishers 168 Glukhovichi 47, 160 fishing 168 Glusk 48, 54, 63, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 152, Fjałkowski