33 10 Polemoniaceae Arsitolochiaceae PHLOX FAMILY BIRTHWORT FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP . Usually small plants with Collomia .Parts in multiples of three Dutchman’s Pipe narrow leaves (Collomia heterophylla) .Irregular or regular, bisexual Pipevine .Regular, bisexual flowers; flowers; 3 united sepals, 0 or 3 (Aristolochia californica) usually forming a tube at base Skunkweed minute petals; 12 stamens and flattening out to form a (Navarretia squarrosa ) .Inferior ovary (pollinated by the fly disk-like face family; host plant for . 5 united sepals; 5 united petals; pipevine swallowtail) 5 stamens Collomia pipevine Skunkweed 11 Poaceae 32 GRASS FAMILY Asteraceace SUNFLOWER FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Composite head of many Yarrow small flowers, subtended by Achillea millefolium bracts Woodland tarweed Madia madioides Coyotebrush Baccharis pilularis California sagebrush Artemisia californica .May have both ray and disk Many others flowers, disk only or ray only .Fruit a single seed within a woody covering (achene), often with a “parachute” Coyotebrush (male) Coyotebrush (female) Woodland Tarweed Yarrow Sneezeweed Poaceae 12 31 Betulaceae GRASS FAMILY BIRCH FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Examples at MGP .Lack showy petals Blue Wild Rye, Foothill Needlegrass, KhKey character iiistics: .Wind-pollinated California Oatgrass, Purple Oniongrass, California Fescue, Vanilla Grass, .Flowers typically with 3 stamens .simple, toothed, alternate Red Alder: Alnus rubra Woodland Brome, California Brome leaves Hazelnut: .male & female catkins form Corylus cornuta var. californica separately on same bush/tree .staminate male catkins .pistilate female catkins/flowers with 0 sepals and 0 petals Hazelnut Red Alder 13 30 Boraginaceace Papaveraceae BORAGE FAMILY POPPY FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .Scorpoid cyme of flowers; Hound’s tongue: .radial floral symmetry California Poppy: Cynoglossum grande .usually 4 or 6 petals Eschscholzia californica Fiddleneck: .half the number of sepals as Amsinkia menzeisii petals Forget-me-nots: .fused sepals (fugacious) .1-4 nutlet fruits Myosotis latifolia .corolla regular Popcorn flower: .5 stamens Cryptantha sp. .superior ovary California Poppy Fiddleneck Forget-me-not Hound’s Tongue 29 14 Orchidaceae Brassicaceae ORCHID FAMILY MUSTARD FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .only monocot in northern Spotted Coralroot Orchid .Four petals, typically in cross Milkmaids hemisphere with distinctive Corallorhiza maculata (Spotted formation (used to be called Cardamine californica irregular blossoms (or unspottedCorallorhiza the “Cruciferaceae”) Shepherd’s purse .flowers with 3 sepals and 3 maculata fma immaculata) ; .Fruit a silicle or silique Capsella bursa-pastoris petals (sepals can be colored lower lip with “ears) Wild radish like petals) Raphanus sativus .lower petal is often modified Striped Coral Root Orchid Field mustard into lip Corallorhiza striata: Brassica rapa .fruit matures into a 3-valved (Striped, boat-shaped lower capsule with numerous seeds lip) .Six stamens in group of 4 Calypso Orchid (Calypso and then 2 bulbosa) .Many introduced species in lowlands Milkmaids Spotted Coral Root Shepherd’s Purse Orchid Striped Coral Root Orchid Mustard Radish Calypso Orchid 15 Caprifoliaceae 28 HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY Onagraceae EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .Bisexual flowers with 5 small Honeysuckle Key characteristics: Examples at MGP united sepals, 5 united petals, 5 Lornicera hispidula .4 petals Coast suncups stamens Blue Elderberry .4 stigma Camissonia oavata .Inferior ovary Sambucus mexicana .8 stamens Willowherb .Opposite leaves Red Elderberry .anthhdihers attached in center EilbiEpilobium c iliatum .Berries usually paired or in Sambucus racemosa .stamens attached at rim clusters Snowberry .inferior ovary with 4 Symphoricarpos albus var. chambers laevigatus Coast Suncups Willowherb Honeysuckle Blue Elderberry 27 16 Malvaceaea Caryophyllaceae MALLOW FAMILY PINK FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .inflorescence solitary or in Checker Bloom: .Leaves usually opposite, Chickweed cymes Sidalcea malvaeflora sometimes whorled Stellaria media .radial floral symmetry .Swollen nodes where leaves Mouse-eared chickweed .5 free petals meet stem Cerastium glomeratum .stamens are numerous and .Flowers with 5 petals, 5-10 Windmill pink united into a long tube (think stamens appearing in whorls Silene gallica of hollyhocks and hibiscus) .Inflorescence often a cyme .compound pistil .Petals often notched (like with ppginking shears ) .Sepals fused into a tube; petals unfused Checker Bloom Mouse-eared Chickweed Windmill Pink Chickweed 17 26 Convulvulaceae MORNING-GLORY FAMILY Lilaceae LILY FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .Regular, bisexual flowers with Morning Glory .six parted perianth 3 petals Zigadene Lily or 5 separate sepals and 5 united Calystegia purpurata ssp. and 3 sepals Fremont’s star lily petals; may have a star pattern .in manyyp species they are Zigdenus fremontii iidinside similar, called tepals Mission bells or Checker Lily .5 stamens attached at base of .six stamens, one pistil Fritillaria affinis flower tube .stigma generally three-lobed, Smith’s fairy bells or three separate stigmas on Disporum smithii a 3- branched style Harvest Brodiaea: .ovary is superior Brodiaea elegans .fruits generally three- Slinkpod (Fetid Adder's chambered pods or berries Tongue): Scoliopus bigelovii Wake-robin (Trillium): Trillium ovatum Morning Glory or Bindeweed Zigadene Lily Harvest Brodiaea Mission Bells Fairy Bells Fetid Adder's Tongue Trillium 25 18 Laminaceae Cucurbitaceae MINT FAMILY GOURD FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .Corolla 5 petals fused into Pitcher sage .Flowers: male and female Wild Cucumber or Manroot two lips—upper lip entire to Lepechinia calycina parts borne on separate Marah fabaceus two lobed, lower 3 lobed Yerba buena funnel-shaped flowers . aromatic leaves Satureja douglasii. .5 separate sepals, 5 united . stems often square Hedge nettle petals, 5 stamens are often . Stachys chamissonis 2 or 4 stamens twisted .irregular symmetry .Inferior ovary .opposite leaves (other: horehound, pennyroyal, both of which are invasives) Wild Cucumber or Manroot Yerba Buena Hedge Nettle Pitcher Sage 19 24 Ericaceae Iridaceae HEATH FAMILY IRIS FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .Urn-shaped corolla Madrone .flower parts in multiples of 3 Douglas’ Iris: Iris douglasii, .Awned anthers Arbutus mensiezii (3 sepals colored to look like Blue-eyed Grass: Sisyrinchium .Stigma remains on flower Huckleberry petals, 3 true petals, 3 stamens) bellum after corolla drops Vaccinium ovatum .styles of the pistil often look Harvest Brodiaea: Brodiaea like a 3rd set of petals elegans .3 stamens .monocot California Huckleberry Madrone Douglas’ Iris Blue-eyed Grass 23 20 Hydrophyllaceae Fabaceae WATERLEAF FAMILY PEA FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .Flowers in helicoid cyme Little Froggy Toes .Characteristic flower with Lupines Nemophila heterophylla banner, wing, and keel petals Lupinus spp. Yerba Santa .Fruit a legume—single carpel Vetch Eriodictyon sp. that opens on both sides Vicia sativa. .Superior ovary Deer weed .Nitrogen fixers Lotus scoparius Peas, Clovers .Similar to borages, but fruit a capsule, not nutlets. Hillside Pea Nemophila Yerba Santa Lotus (smaller one, not the deer weed) Lupine 21 22 Grossulariaceae Hippocastinaceae GOOSEBERRY FAMILY HORSE CHESTNUT FAMILY Key characteristics: Examples at MGP Key characteristics: Examples at MGP .regular, bisexual flowers with 5 Red Flowering Currant .Opposite, palmately California Buckeye united sepals and 5 separate Ribes sanguineum var. compound leaves Aeschylus californica petals glutinosum .Flowers: bisexual, slightly .5 stamens Fluschia Flowered irregular, 4-5 separate petals, 5 .fruit is berry with many seeds Gooseberry united sepals .leaves generally simple palmate Ribes speciosa with 3-5 lobes Red Flowering Currant California Buckeye.