INDEX Numbers & Symbols 46, 47, 49, 52, 57, 58, 63–72, 76, 4chan, see Social media 98–101, 103, 111 @BernieSanders, see Twitter handle Campaign communication, 8, 9, 46, 49, @HillaryClinton, see Twitter handle 71 @RealDonaldTrump, see Twitter handle Candidate image, 3, 23, 46–59 @SenSanders, see Twitter handle Citizen engagement, 16–17 @Tedcruz, see Twitter handle Clean Power Plan, see Environmental policy Climate change, see Global warming A Clinton, Hillary, 10, 14, 19n8, 25, 26, Agenda setting, 64 56, 57, 77, 104, 105, 111, 112 Alt-right, 79, 82 Congress, 23, 24, 65, 77, 101 Arab Spring,22 Conservatives, see Political party Attack/negative campaigning, 3, 4, 9, Contemporary conservatism and 11, 13, 15–17, 18n3, 23–27, 29, liberalism, see Political ideology 30, 32, 33, 35, 42, 53, 67, 82, 98, Cruz, Ted, see Primary candidates 102, 108, 111–113 Cultural conservatism, see Political ideology B Bernie Sanders, see Primary candidates D Dakota Access, see Environmental policy C Dean, Howard, 1 Campaign, 2, 3, 8, 12–14, 16, 17, 18n3, Democrats, 8 19n9, 22–27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 42, See also Political party Note: Page number followed by ‘n’ refers to notes. © The Author(s) 2018 119 C.J. Galdieri et al. (eds.), The Role of Twitter in the 2016 US Election, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68981-4 120 INDEX E K Earned media, 3, 46, 49–51, 53, 55–59 Keystone XL pipelines, see Economic conservatives, see Political Environmental policy ideology Elections, 2, 3, 5, 8, 14, 22, 24, 25, 29, 30, 33, 35, 42, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53–59, 64, L 65, 72, 78, 80–82, 98, 100 Liberalism, see Political ideology Environmental policy, 4, 76, 87 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 85, 87 M McCain, John, see Primary candidates F Facebook, see Social media N FARK, see Social media Nationalism, 10, 11, 88 Foreign policy, 3, 11, 14, 16, 17 Free publicity, see Earned media O O’Malley, Martin, see Primary G candidates Gender stereotypes, 4, 98, 111 Obama, Barack, 1, 23, 65, 76–78, 105 Global warming, 4, 51, 76 GOP, see Republicans Group status, 12, 13 P Paid media, 50 Partisanship, 48, 58, 98, 103, 104, 107, H 108 Hillary Clinton, see Clinton, Hillary Personal security, 12, 13, 19n8 Homophily, 47, 48, 58 Policy,3,5,10–13, 23, 25, 26, 29, 30, Humor, 9 32, 33, 35, 42, 64, 76, 78, 79, Hyper-masculine, 112 83–85, 89, 99, 100, 102, 103, 107, 111 Political cartoons, 103 I Political humor, 98, 100 Imgur, see Social media Political ideology, 8, 9 Immigration, 10, 11, 13, 26, 79 Political party, 79 Individual status, 12, 13 Predicting electoral outcomes, see Informational, 29, 33, 35, 42 Elections See also Tweet classification Primaries, 2, 3, 22, 25, 27, 30, 33, 35, Instagram, see Social media 42, 51, 53–55, 57, 58, 71, 99, 100 Iowa Cuacus, see Primaries Primary candidates, 24, 26, 33, 42 INDEX 121 R Trump, Donald, 2, 8, 14, 15, 17, 25, Reddit, see Social media 46, 50, 51, 58, 63, 76–89, 98, 104, Republicans, 2, 3, 8–10, 25–27, 29, 30, 105, 111, 113 32, 33, 35, 42, 51, 56, 57, 78–80, Tumblr, see Social media 84, 88, 104 Tweet, see Twitter Roosevelt, Franklin, D., 1, 47, 78 Tweet classificaiton information, 26 organizational, 26 S Twitter, 2, 8–17, 22–42, 46, 64, 77, Saturday Night Live (SNL), 100 98–113 Snapchat, see Social media Twitter handle, 22, 25, 26, 51 Social justice, 10, 13, 15 Social media, 2, 4, 8, 22, 24, 27, 29, 30, 33, 49–51, 64, 66, 68, 71, 77–82, 84, U 89, 98–103, 105, 107–109, 111–113 United Nations (UN), 76 Super Tuesday, see Primaries U.S. Clean Water Act, see Environmental policy T Threat, 2, 3, 11–14, 17, 19n8, 55, 77, 82, 83.