Consultancy Services for Design Review, Preparation of Concept Design and Ethiopian Roads Authority Tender Document For Nekempt – Bure Road DESIGN-BUILD- MAINTENANCE Project Final ESIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (Updated Final) Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... I 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 SCOPE OF SERVICES AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................... 1 1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 PROJECT ACTIVITIES .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ................................................................................................................. 5 2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 METHODOLOGY FOR IMPACT IDENTIFICATION .......................................................................................... 8 2.3 METHOD OF IMPACT PREDICTION AND EVALUATION ................................................................................. 8 2.4 MITIGATION MEASURES ......................................................................................................................... 9 3. ADMINISTRATIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ................................... 10 3.1 INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................................................ 10 3.1.1 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Regional Governments .............................................................................................................. 10 3.1.3 Institutional Arrangement for Environmental Protection ............................................................ 10 3.1.4 Ministry of Transport .................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.5 Ethiopian Roads Authority.......................................................................................................... 11 3.1.6 Environmental Protection Authority ............................................................................................ 12 3.1.7 Regional Environmental Agency ................................................................................................ 13 3.1.8 Sectoral Environmental Units ..................................................................................................... 13 3.1.9 Ministry of Health ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.10 Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage ................................................ 14 3.1.11 Ethiopian Wildlife Development and Conservation Authority................................................... 15 3.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Constitution of the FDRE ........................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 National and Regional Conservation Strategies ........................................................................ 16 3.2.3 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ............................................................................................... 16 3.2.4 Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) .................................................................................... 17 3.2.5 The Wildlife Policy and Legislations ........................................................................................... 18 3.2.6 Forest Policies and Strategies ................................................................................................... 19 3.2.7 National Population Policy ......................................................................................................... 19 3.2.8 Rural Development Policy and Strategy .................................................................................... 19 3.2.9 Cultural Policy of Ethiopia .......................................................................................................... 20 3.2.10 Ethiopia’s Green Development Initiatives ................................................................................ 20 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATION ......................................................................................... 21 3.3.1 Proclamation on Institutional Arrangement for Environmental Protection ................................ 21 3.3.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment................................................................ 21 3.3.3 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control ..................................................................... 23 Design Consultant DESIGN REVIEW CONSULTANT AIC PROGETI in JV with Engineer Zewdie Eskinder Co. PLC ETHIO Infra Engineering Plc Consultancy Services for Design Review, Preparation of Concept Design and Ethiopian Roads Authority Tender Document For Nekempt – Bure Road DESIGN-BUILD- MAINTENANCE Project Final ESIA 3.3.4 Environmental Guidelines ......................................................................................................... 23 3.4 REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL / MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ................................................................ 24 3.5 WORLD BANK/IFC SAFEGUARD POLICIES ............................................................................................. 25 4. EXISTING CORRIDOR BASELINE CONDITIONS ............................................................................... 27 4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.1 Topography and geomorphology .............................................................................................. 27 4.1.2 Climate ...................................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.3 Land use .................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.4 Geology and Soil ....................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.5 Water Resources ...................................................................................................................... 37 4.1.6 Air and Water Pollution ............................................................................................................. 39 4.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................. 39 4.2.1 Floral Resources ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.2.2 Fauna Resource ........................................................................................................................ 43 5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ................................................................................ 46 5.1 CONSULTATION DURING FEASIBILITY STUDY .......................................................................................... 46 5.2 CONSULTATION DURING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY ................................................. 47 5.3 ADDITIONAL CONSULTATION UNDERTAKEN DURING THE REVIEW STAGE ............................................... 49 5.3.1 CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL COMMUNITY AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION ........................................... 49 5.3.2. Consultation with other Stakeholders ....................................................................................... 51 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE ROUTES ............................................................................................... 55 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................ 56 7. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION .................................................................................... 60 7.1 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS ................................................................................................................. 60 7.2 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS ..................................................................................................................... 60 7.3 BENEFICIAL IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................... 62 7.3.1 INCREASED MOBILITY AND REDUCED