Typesetting Documents in R Scientic WorkPlace and R Scientic Word Third Edition A Guide to Typesetting with Scientic WorkPlace and Scientic Word Typesetting Documents in R Scientic WorkPlace and R Scientic Word Third Edition A Guide to Typesetting with Scientic WorkPlace and Scientic Word Susan Bagby George Pearson MacKichan Software, Inc. c 2005 by MacKichan Software, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of the publisher, MacKichan Software, Inc., Poulsbo, Washington. Information in this document is sub- ject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of the publisher. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy the software on any medium except as specically allowed in the agreement. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarks Scienti c WorkPlace, Scienti c Word, Scienti c Notebook, and EasyMath are registered trademarks of MacKichan Software, Inc. EasyMath is the sophisticated parsing and translating system included in Scienti c WorkPlace, Scienti c Word, and Scienti c Notebook that al- lows the user to work in standard mathematical notation, request computations from the under- lying computational system (MuPAD in this version) based on the implied commands embedded in the mathematical syntax or via menu, and receive the response in typeset standard notation or graphic form in the current document. MuPAD is a registered trademark of SciFace GmbH. Acro- bat is the registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. TEX is a trademark of the American Math- ematical Society. TrueTEX is a registered trademark of Richard J. Kinch. PDFTEX is the copyright of Hàn Thê´ Thành and is available under the GNU public license. Windows is a registered trade- mark of Microsoft Corporation. MathType is a trademark of Design Science, Inc. ImageStream Graphics Filters and ImageStream are registered trademarks of Inso Kansas City Corporation: ImageStream Graphic Filters Copyright 1991-1999 Inso Kansas City Corporation All Rights Reserved All other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective companies. The spelling portion of this product utilizes the Proximity Linguistic Technology. Words are checked against R one or more of the following Proximity Linguibase products: Number Proximity Linguibase Name Publisher of Words Copyright American English Merriam-Webster, Inc. 144,000 1997 British English William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 80,000 1997 Catalan Lluis de Yzaguirre i Maura 484,000 1993 Danish IDE a.s 169,000 1990 Dutch Van Dale Lexicograe bv 223,000 1996 Finnish IDE a.s 191,000 1991 French Hachette 288,909 1997 French Canadian Hachette 288,909 1997 German Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag 500,000 1999 German (Swiss) Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag 500,000 1999 Italian William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 185,000 1997 Norwegian (Bokmal) IDE a.s 150,000 1990 Norwegian (Nynorsk) IDE a.s 145,000 1992 Polish MorphoLogic, Inc. 1997 Portuguese (Brazilian) William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 210,000 1990 Portuguese (Continental) William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 218,000 1990 Russian Russicon 1997 Spanish William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 215,000 1997 Swedish IDE a.s 900,000 1990 This document was produced with Scienti c WorkPlace. Authors: Susan Bagby and George Pearson Editorial Assistant: John MacKendrick Compositor: MacKichan Software Inc. Printing and Binding: Malloy Lithographing, Inc. Contents What's New xiii About This Manual xiii Typesetting Basics xv Conventions xvii Getting Help xix 1 Tailoring Typesetting to Your Needs 1 Cautions 1 Tailoring the Page Layout 2 Changing the Margins 2 Changing the Line Spacing 4 Changing the Font Size of Body Text 5 Changing the Headers and Footers 5 Changing the Page Numbering 9 Creating Multiple Columns 12 Changing the Page Orientation 13 Changing to a Different Paper Size 15 Tailoring the Front and Back Matter 16 Changing the Title Page 16 Changing the Table of Contents 18 Changing the List of Figures 21 Creating an Unnumbered Manual Bibliography 21 Creating an Appendix for Each Chapter 22 Creating Two Separate Indices 23 Tailoring the Body of the Document 26 Changing the Appearance of Division Headings 26 Changing the Appearance of Paragraphs 30 Changing the Appearance of Numbered Lists 32 Customizing the Appearance of Citations 34 Underlining and Striking Through Content 35 vi Contents Stopping Hyphenation 36 Working with Footnotes 36 Tailoring Mathematics 38 Changing Theorem Numbering 38 Changing Theorem Formatting 40 Formatting Mathematical Expressions 41 Tailoring Graphics and Tables 43 Formatting Captions 43 Wrapping Text Around Graphics and Tables 47 Managing EPS Graphics in DVI Files 49 Formatting Tables 49 Creating Landscaped Objects 50 Managing Floating Objects 52 Making Additional Typesetting Changes 53 2 Working with Typesetting Specications and Document Shells 61 Working with Typesetting Specications 61 LATEX Document Classes 63 LATEX Packages 70 TEX and LATEX Commands 76 Working with Document Shells 77 Choosing a Document Shell 77 Tailoring a Document to Your Needs 80 Creating a Document Shell 80 Working with Documents from Outside Sources 81 Working with Typesetting Specications from Outside Sources 82 Contents vii 3 Using LaTeX Packages 89 Accents 90 Acronym 90 Afterpage 92 Algorithm 93 Algorithmic 94 Alltt 95 AMS Packages 96 Answers 98 Apacite 98 Apalike and Apalike-plus 98 Appendix 99 Array 100 Astron 101 Authordate1-4 101 Babel 102 Bar 104 Bibmods 104 Blkarray 104 Boxedminipage 105 Breakcites 106 Caption 107 Chapterbib 107 Chbibref 108 Chicago 109 viii Contents Cite 110 Color 112 Colortbl 112 Comma 114 Dcolumn 114 Delarray 115 Doublespace 116 Drftcite 116 Dropping 116 Endnotes 117 Enumerate 118 Euler 119 Exscale 119 Fancybox 119 Fancyhdr 120 Fancyvrb 122 Fix2col 122 Flafter 123 Float 123 Fncychap 124 Fontsmpl 124 Footmisc 125 Ftnright 125 Geometry 125 Graphicx 126 Contents ix Harvard 127 Helvet 129 Hhline 129 Hyperref 130 Hyphenat 130 Indentrst 130 Inputenc 131 Latexsym 131 Layout 131 Lineno 133 Longtable 133 Lscape 133 Ltxtable 134 Makeidx 135 Manyfoot 135 Mathpazo 135 Mathptmx 136 Mathtime 136 Minitoc 136 Multicol 138 Natbib 139 Newapa 140 Newpnts 140 Nomencl 141 Nopageno 143 x Contents Numinsec 143 Overcite 143 Paralist 143 Parallel 143 Picins 144 Pifont 145 Placeins 145 Points and Newpnts 146 Portland 147 PSNFSS Packages 147 Ragged2e 150 Relsize 150 Remreset 151 Revsymb 151 Rotating 151 Scalefnt 153 Sectsty 154 Setspace 156 Showidx 157 Showkeys 157 Showlabels 158 Sidecap 158 Slashed 160 Subg 161 Subgure 164 Contents xi Suboat 164 Supertabular 165 Tabularx 166 Textcase 166 Theorem 167 Times 168 Titlesec 168 Titletoc 169 Tocbibind 169 Tocloft 170 Ulem 171 Url 172 Varioref 172 Verbatim 173 Version 174 Wrapg 175 Xr 176 Xtab 176 4 Troubleshooting 177 Resolving Program Errors 177 Problems Encountered in Opening and Saving Documents 178 Problems Encountered During Compilation 181 General Problems 183 Resolving LATEX Errors 184 Techniques for Solving LATEX Errors 184 Common LATEX Errors 186 Errors That Halt LATEX Compilation 187 xii Contents Problems That Compromise LATEX Compilation 192 Problems Encountered in LATEX Previewing and Printing 195 Repairing Damaged Documents 211 Index 215 What's New Typesetting Documents is a response to the many users who have requested more infor- mation about LATEX typesetting in Scienti c WorkPlace (SWP) and Scienti c Word (SW). This revised edition contains expanded information about typesetting in Versions 3.5, 4, and 5 of SWP and SW. It presents many new techniques for achieving special typesetting effects and includes a new chapter containing extensive troubleshooting in- formation. About This Manual Our purpose is threefold: to answer common questions and solve common problems related to typesetting in SWP and SW; to help you choose document shells appropriately; to explain when and how you can tailor typesetting specications and document shells from within the program so that you can create documents that more precisely meet your typesetting needs. To these ends, we begin the manual with what may be the only thing you need to read: the answers to the questions users ask most frequently about working with LATEX typesetting in SWP and SW. Chapter 1 “Tailoring Typesetting to Your Needs” provides tips on modifying page layout, document elements, tables and gures, and mathematics in SWP and SW documents. If you need more basic information, we suggest you start with Chapter 2 “Working with Typesetting Specications and Document Shells.” The chapter briey discusses the structure of LATEX documents. It explains how typesetting specications work and ad- dresses the most basic and perhaps most important document development task: how to choose a document shell—or template—that meets the typesetting requirements of you and your publisher. The chapter discusses how and to what extent you can tailor a doc- ument using available document class and LATEX package options and, where necessary, TEX commands. Chapter 2 also explains how to create SWP and SW documents using typesetting specications obtained from an outside source and how to work with LATEX documents not created with SWP or SW. The LATEX packages provided with the program are the focus of Chapter 3 “Using LATEX Packages.” The discussion explains how the packages extend TEX typesetting ca- pabilities and notes how each package interacts with and, occasionally, conicts with other typesetting elements. Chapter 4 "Troubleshooting" offers information to help you isolate and resolve com- mon errors generated by SWP and SW and by LATEX and PDFLATEX. The information is related to problems that can occur at various stages of document preparation. xiv What's New Accompanying this manual is another volume, A Gallery of Document Shells for Scientic WorkPlace and Scientic Word, available on your program CD as a PDF le.