'LVHDVHVDQG,QVHFWVLQ)RUHVW1XUVHULHV WK0HHWLQJRI,8)52:RUNLQJ3DUW\ 6XRQHQMRNL5HVHDUFK6WDWLRQLQ)LQODQG-XO\ $%675$&76 Edited by Arja Lilja and Jack Sutherland 7KHPHHWLQJZDVVSRQVRUHGE\WKH)LQQLVK$FDGHP\0HWVlPLHVWHQVllWL|DQG WKH)LQQLVK)RUHVW5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH6XRQHQMRNL5HVHDUFK6WDWLRQ ,6%1 KWWSZZZPHWODILLXIURZXPHHWLQJKWP 2 /,672)3$57,&,3$176 $UYLGVVRQ%HUQW Svenska Skogsplantor AB Box 33, S-551 12 Jönköping 6ZHGHQ FAX: +46-36-19 07 40 E-mail: [email protected] %DNVKD0G:DKHG Forest Protection Division Bangladesh Forest Research Institute P.O. Box 273, Chittagong 4000 %DQJODGHVK FAX: 880-31-681585; 681584; 681566 E-mail: [email protected] %DUUDV6WDQ USDA Forest Service Vegetation Protection & Mgmt. Research (1CEN) P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090 86$ FAX: +1-202-205-6207 E-mail: sbarras/[email protected] %ROXPROH$GHPROD)ROD International Society of Tropical Forester, Nigeria :No.1, Fola Bolumole Street, Off Abiola Way, Ring Road, Ibadan 1LJHULD FAX +234 2413385/ 2312167/ 8109051 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] &DIRXUHN-RVHI Forest Company Jaromêrtice, Forest Nursery Budisov 67503 Budisov &]HFK5HSXEOLF FAX: 00420-618-875233 'ZLQHOO/' USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602-2044 86$ FAX: 706/559-4287 E-mail: ddwinell/[email protected] (OEDNDOL0RKDPHG Dept. Biologia Vegetal $EGHVVDPDG Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona 6SDLQ FAX: 34-34112842 E-mail: [email protected] (O6HWWDZ\$KPHG$$ Forestry and Wood Tech. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Alexandria Univ. El-Shatby, Alexandria (J\SW E-mail : [email protected] 3 )UDHGULFK6WHSKHQ: USDA Forest Service 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, 86$ FAX: 706/559-4287 E-mail: sfraedrich_athens,[email protected] *ODYDV0LODQ The Faculty of Forestry, Zagreb Svetosimunska 25 &URDWLD FAX: 385/1/218616 E-mail: [email protected] *XOLQ/HLI SCA FOREST AND TIMBER,Bogrundet nursery Box 90, 860 30 Sörberge 6ZHGHQ FAX: +46-0-60 578131 E-mail: [email protected] -DUNNR+DQWXOD Finnish Forest Research Institute Vantaa Research Centre P.O. Box 18 (Jokiniemenkuja 1) FIN-01301 VANTAA )LQODQG FAX+358-9-8570 5569 E-mail: [email protected] +HUQDQGH]*HRUJH USDA Forest Service, 1720 Peachtreerd, NW Atlanta GA 30367 86$ FAX: 404 347 2776 E-mail: ghernand/[email protected] +RORSDLQHQ-DUPR Dept. Ecology and Environmental Science University of Kuopio P.O.Box 1627, FIN-70211 KUOPIO http://www.uku.fi/~holopain/ FAX: +358-17-163 230 E-mail: [email protected] -DPHV5REHUW/. USDA Forest Service, 3815 Schreiber Way Coeur d’Alene, ID. 83815-8363 86$ FAX: 208-765-7307 E-mail: rjames/[email protected] -XQWXQHQ0DUMD/LLVD Finnish Forest Research Instutute Suonenjoki Research Station Juntintie 40, FIN-77600 SUONENJOKI )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-513 068 E-mail: [email protected] -XVWLQ'LML$OOHQ Faculty of Agricultural Science University of Ibadan 1LJHULD 4 .XUNHOD7LPR Finnish Forest Research Institute Vantaa Research Centre P.O. Box 18 (Jokiniemenkuja 1) FIN-01301 VANTAA )LQODQG FAX+358-9-8570 5569 E-mail: [email protected] /DDWLNDLQHQ7DUMD Dept. Ecology and Environmental Science University of Kuopio P.O.Box 1627, FIN-70211 KUOPIO )LQODQG FAX: +358 17 163 229 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] /DQGLV7RP' USDA Forest Service, Cooperative Programs PO Box 3623; 333 First Avenue Portland, OR 97208-3623 86$ E-mail: [email protected] /LOMD$UMD Finnish Forest Research Institute Vantaa Research Centre P.O. Box 18 (Jokiniemenkuja 1) FIN-01301 VANTAA )LQODQG FAX: +358-9-8570 2575 E-mail: [email protected] 0D&KXR No.12-1-301, An yuan, An Hui Bei li, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100101 &KLQD E-mail: [email protected] 0DJQDQR GL6DQ/LR Dep. Agrochimica e Agrobiologia *DHWDQR Univ. of Reggio Calabria Piazza San Francesco, 2 89061 Gallina-Reggio Calabria ,WDO\ E-mail: [email protected] 0RKDQDQ& Division of Pathology Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi-680 653, Kerala ,QGLD FAX: 0487-782249 E-mail: [email protected] 0DMXUL0DUMD/HHQD Finnish Forest Research Institute Vantaa Research Centre P.O. Box 18 (Jokiniemenkuja 1) FIN-01301 VANTAA )LQODQG FAX: +358-9-8570 5569 E-mail: [email protected] 5 0DQQLQHQ$QQH0DUMD Dept. Ecology and Environmental Science University of Kuopio P.O.Box 1627, FIN-70211 KUOPIO )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-163230 E-mail: [email protected] 1LHPL.DUROLLQD Dept. Ecology and Environmental Science University of Kuopio P.O.Box 1627, FIN-70211 KUOPIO )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-163230 E-mail: [email protected] 2JXUD1REXR Laboratory of Nematology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute P.O.Box 16, Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki 305-8687 -DSDQ FAX: 81(Japan)-298-73-1543 E-mail: [email protected] 3DDYRODLQHQ/DXUD Finnish Forest Research Institute Vantaa Research Centre P.O. Box 18 (Jokiniemenkuja 1) FIN-01301 VANTAA )LQODQG FAX: +358-9-8570 5569 E-mail: [email protected] 3HUULQ5REHUW INRA-Flore Pathogene 17 rue Sully, BV 1540, 21034 Dijon Cedex )UDQFH FAX: 33(0) 80 69 32 26/30 57 E-mail: [email protected] 3HWlLVW|5DLMD/LLVD Finnish Forest Research Instutute Suonenjoki Research Station Juntintie 40, FIN-77600 SUONENJOKI )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-513 068 E-mail: [email protected] 3RWHUL0DUMD Finnish Forest Research Instutute Suonenjoki Research Station Juntintie 40, FIN-77600 SUONENJOKI )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-513 068 E-mail: [email protected] 3URFKD]NRYD=GHQND Forestry and Game Research Institute Research Station Uherske Hradiste 68604 Kunovice &]HFK5HSXEOLF E-mail:[email protected] 6 5LNDOD5LVWR Finnish Forest Research Instutute Suonenjoki Research Station Juntintie 40, FIN-77600 SUONENJOKI )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-513 068 E-mail: [email protected] 6DOHUQR0DULD,VDEHO Centro de Investigaciones de suelos CISAUA, Calle 3 no. 584, 1900 La Plata $UJHQWLQD E-mail: [email protected] 6HJXQ)DNROXMR Faculty of Agricultural Science University of Ibadan 1LJHULD 6PRODQGHU+HLNNL Finnish Forest Research Instutute Suonenjoki Research Station Juntintie 40, FIN-77600 SUONENJOKI )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-513 068 E-mail: [email protected] 6WHQVWU|P(OQD Dept. of forest mycology and pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Box 7026, S-750 07 Uppsala 6ZHGHQ FAX:+46 (0)18-30 92 45 E-mail: [email protected] 6XWKHUODQG-DFN Applied Forest Science 4417 Bennett Rd.,Victoria, B.C. V9C 3Y3 &DQDGD FAX: +250-598-1959 E-mail: [email protected] 6XWR<DVXR 5-11-46, Agenogi, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-0015 -DSDQ E-mail: [email protected] 7HUYR/HR Finnish Forest Research Instutute Suonenjoki Research Station Juntintie 40,FIN-77600 SUONENJOKI )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-513 068 E-mail: [email protected] 7 7KHPDQQ.DULQ Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Pflanzenschutz imGartenbau Messeweg 11/12, D-38104 Braunschweig *HUPDQ\ FAX: 0531/299-3009 E-mail: [email protected] 9XRULQHQ0DUWWL Finnish Forest Research Instutute Suonenjoki Research Station Juntintie 40, FIN-77600 SUONENJOKI )LQODQG FAX: +358-17-513 068 E-mail: [email protected] 8 'LVHDVHVDQG,QVHFWVLQ)RUHVW1XUVHULHVWK0HHWLQJRI,8)52:RUNLQJ3DUW\ 6XRQHQMRNL5HVHDUFK6WDWLRQLQ)LQODQG-XO\ &217(176 /,672)3$57,&,3$176 +2/,67,&1856(5<3$7+2/2*<$1(:(03+$6,6216(('/,1* +($/7+ 7RP'/DQGLV 2))86$5,802;<63258021'28*/$6),5*(50,1$176&203$5,621 2),62/$7(6)5201856(5<62,/$1'522762)+($/7+<$1' ',6($6('&21,)(56(('/,1*6 5/-DPHV53HUH]5.'XPURHVHÃ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µ)25(67 1856(5<',6($6(6$1'7+(,50$1$*(0(17$:25/':,'( 3(563(&7,9(¶ -DFN56XWKHUODQGDQG=GHQND3URFKD]NRYD 0$1$*(0(172))25(67,16(&76$1'',6($6(6,1&+,1$ 0D&KXR 620(1(:)25(6775((6(('/,1*',6($6(6,1&=(&+5(38%/,& 9ODVWLPLO-DQFDULNDQG=GHQND3URFKD]NRYD &</,1'52&/$',806&23$5,80$1(:62,/%251(3$7+2*(1,1 )5(1&+)25(671856(5,(6 %/H%LKDQ0/6RXODV53HUULQDQG3&DPSRUDWD 3+<723+7+25$&$&72580',9(56,7<$1','(17,),&$7,21 -DUNNR+DQWXOD(HYD-9DLQLR+HLNNL1XRUWHYDDQG$UMD/LOMD (;3(5,(1&(6:,7+',))(5(17',$*1267,&7(&+1,48(672'(7(&7 3+<723+7+25$633,1:$7(5 .DULQ7KHPDQQDQG6DELQH:HUUHV 5(325762)3+<723+7+25$&,11$020,)520,7$/< 62&DFFLROD$3DQH(0RWWD*0DJQDQRGL6DQ/LR 67$7862))25(671856(5<',6($6(6,1,1',$$1'(0(5*,1* 75(1'6,16(('/,1*',6($6(0$1$*(0(17 &0RKDQDQ 10 ',6($6(62)7+(0267,03257$1775((6*52:,1*,1(*<37 $KPHG$$(O6HWWDZ\ ,16(&76())(&76217(&721$*5$1',6)25(67,11,*(5,$ $GHPROD)ROD%ROXPROH $5(9,(:2))2/,$*(',6($6(6,11856(5<672&.6$1'7+(,5 &21752/,16+,0$1(35()(&785(-$3$1 <DVXR6XWR 63(&,(663(&,),&3&535,0(56$6$722/72'(7(&7/$7(176+227 $1'1(('/(',6($6( (OQD6WHQVWU|P ,'(17,),&$7,21$1'&+$5$&7(5,&$7,212)5+,=2&721,$62/$1, 86,1*3&55)/3$1'3,1(%,2$66$< 3&DPSRUDWD0/6RXODVDQG53HUULQ 0212&/21$/$17,%2',(672*5(00(1,(//$$%,(7,1$ 69DUWLDLQHQ..RLVWLQHQ.(KUEDU(2.DMDQGHUDQG5/3HWlLVW| (&720<&255+,=$/)81*,$1'%,2/2*,&$/&21752/2)62,/%251( 3$7+2*(16,1)25(671856(5,(6 .DUROLLQD1LHPL+HOYL+HLQRQHQ7DQVNLDQG$UMD/LOMD 6+257$1'/21*7(50())(&762)62/$5,6$7,21213$7+2*(16