Contents STEP 1. DEFINITION OF BOUNDARIES.............................................................................................3 CASE STUDY AREAS....................................................................................................................................4 STEP 2. CHARACTERIZATION AND INVENTORY OF THE STUDY AREA................................7 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................................7 BIO-GEOPHYSICAL SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................7 Oceanography, Meteorology and Geology Components.......................................................................7 Caribbean coast.....................................................................................................................................8 Pacific coast ..........................................................................................................................................8 POTENTIAL INFLUENCE OF THE BIOTIC COMPONENT ON CURRENTS ............................................................9 Anthropogenic uses of intertidal areas..................................................................................................9 Hydrological resources .........................................................................................................................9 BIOTIC ELEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................10 Terrestrial ecosystems .........................................................................................................................10 Marine ecosystems...............................................................................................................................11 CONCLUDING ON THE BIO-PHYSICAL SYSTEM...........................................................................................13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTOR........................................................................................................................14 Caribbean region.................................................................................................................................14 Pacific coast ........................................................................................................................................17 CONCLUDING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENT ...................................................................................20 Governance..........................................................................................................................................21 Coastal hazards and historical response strategies ............................................................................25 STEP 3. DEVELOPMENT FACTORS..................................................................................................26 STEP 4. EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SYSTEMS RESPONSES ....................28 NATURAL SYSTEM RESPONSES .................................................................................................................28 Erosion ................................................................................................................................................29 Flooding ..............................................................................................................................................29 Saline intrusion....................................................................................................................................30 SOCIAL-ECONOMIC RESPONSES ................................................................................................................31 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................................33 DIRECT IMPACTS ESTIMATIONS ACCORDING TO THE SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS ........35 Optimistic scenario..............................................................................................................................35 Pessimistic scenario ............................................................................................................................36 CASE STUDY AREAS..................................................................................................................................37 Morrosquillo Gulf................................................................................................................................37 Integrated Management Unit Guapi – Iscuandé .................................................................................38 Tumaco urban area .............................................................................................................................39 STEP 5. FORMULATION OF RESPONSE STRATEGIES, COSTS AND BENEFITS ..................39 HUMAN RESPONSES..................................................................................................................................40 PROTECTION STRATEGIES FOR THE COLOMBIAN COASTAL ZONE ............................................................41 CRITICAL AREAS IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................41 STRATEGIES IDENTIFICATION ...................................................................................................................43 NCCSAP, Colombia 1 STRATEGIES SPECIFICATION AND COSTS ANALYSES .................................................................................44 Development plans ..............................................................................................................................44 Additional Measures............................................................................................................................44 San Andrés de Tumaco, urban area ....................................................................................................45 Integrated Management Unit Guapi - Iscuandé..................................................................................46 Buenaventura.......................................................................................................................................46 Santa Marta.........................................................................................................................................47 Barranquilla and Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta............................................................................48 Cartagena............................................................................................................................................49 Morrosquillo Gulf................................................................................................................................49 PROTECTION STRATEGIES ASSOCIATED COSTS..........................................................................................50 STEP 6. EVALUATION OF THE VULNERABILITY PROFILE AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS...................................................................................................................................................51 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT..................................................................52 Natural Systems Impacts .....................................................................................................................52 Protected areas values at change........................................................................................................54 CONSTRAINS RELATED TO THE RESPONSE STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION FEASIBILITY ...........................56 STEP 7. ACTION PLAN .........................................................................................................................57 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................57 PART I. IMBEDDING OF THE ACTION PLAN IN THE EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK......................57 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................................57 FRAMEWORK OF THE COLOMBIAN COASTAL ZONE ACTION PLAN .............................................................58 International Framework ....................................................................................................................58 PART II. ACTIONS TO BE DEVELOPED AT NATIONAL LEVEL..................................................................61 Priority Actions - General Overview...................................................................................................61 Research – Proposed actions...............................................................................................................63 Monitoring – Proposed actions ...........................................................................................................63 Information system – Proposed actions...............................................................................................64 Actions related to planning – Actual situation ....................................................................................64 Incorporation to territorial planning – Proposed actions...................................................................64