PROMOTION OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCE THROUGH SOCIAL FORESTRY PROCEEDINGS OF A NATIONAL WORKSHOP HELD MARCH 8-11, 1992 Editors: N.G. HEGDE and J.N. DANIEL ARCHIV 95222 I r 'i2 RC•Ub L PROMOTION OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCE THROUGH SOCIAL FORESTRY PROCEEDINGS OF A NATIONAL WORKSHOP HELD MARCH 8-11, 1992 Editors DR. N.G. HEGDE Executive Vice President BAIF DevelopmentResearch Foundation Pune 411 016 and DR. J.N. DANIEL Programme Director Nitrogen Fixing Tree Association do BAIF, Pune 411 016 BAIF Development Research Foundation 'Kamdhenu',Senapati Bapat Road Pune 411 016, India Tel 342621 / 342466 SPONSORS NWDB National Wastelands Development Board, New Delhi Winrock International, F/FRED Project, Bangkok, Thailand DRO GR * International Development Research Centre, Canada iDA Swedish International DevelopmentAuthority, New Delhi British High Commission,New Delhi Australian New Delhi 144è High Commission, ( Nitrogen Fixing Tree Association, Hawaii, U.S.A. Hosted by BAIF Development Research Foundation 'Kamdhenu', Senapati Bapat Road Pune 411 016, India. Published by BAIF Printed : January 1993 Price: Rs 50/- Printed and Publishedby Ashish Advertising,Pune PREFACE As part of its efforts to promote research and outreach programmes on multipurpose tree species (MTPS), the BAIF Development Research Foundation has been coordinating the national MPTS Network for India since 1991. A key activity of the Network is to conduct national workshopson specific topics. The inaugural workshop held in 1991 focussed on MPTS for small farmers. The second workshop in this series, held in March 1992, was on MPTSfor non-woodforest produce (NWFP). The workshop on NWFP attracted 103 participants of whom 39 presented formal papers. Majority of the papers highlightedthe technical or socio-economicaspects of single species or a group of species while others discussed the socio-economic importance of NWFP in general. Data presented by speakers showed that NWFP contribute significantly towards the national economy by way of revenue and employment. Among those engaged in collection or harvesting, processing and marketing of NWFP are tribals, other forest dwellers and women. These categories, considered to be the weaker sections of the society, can benefit immensely by organised efforts to promote production and utilization of NWFP. The financial support received from our sponsors — National Wastelands Development Board, New Delhi; Winrock International, F/FRED Project, Bangkok, Thailand; International Development Research Centre, Canada; Swedish International Development Authority, New Delhi; British High Commission, New Delhi; Australian High Commission, New Delhi and Nitrogen Fixing Tree Association, Hawaii, USA — made it possible for us to conduct the wprkshop and publish the proceedings. We gratefully acknowledge their generous contributions. Our thanks are due to Dr. Manibhai Desai for his advice and encouragement, Mr. R.L. Chowdhary for preparing the comprehensiveoverview of the presentations, and Ms. Tinku Dhar for providing assiduous editorial assistance. It was evident from the presentations and subsequent deliberations during the workshop that knowledge about NWFP is often traditional and lack systematic documentation. BAIF is pleased to publish this proceedings which documents valuable information compiled and presented by researchers and extension workers who participated at the national workshopon NWFP. Narayan G.Hegde Joshua N. Daniel CONTENTS PREFACE AN OVERVIEWOF THE WORKSHOPPRESENTATIONS 1 R.L. Chowdhary, N.G. Hegde and J.N. Daniel SECTION I. MPTS YIELDING NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS Multipurpose Tree Species for Minor ForestProduce in India 8 N.G. Hegde Gene Bank of IndigenousArboreal Species of Economic 34 Importance : a Case Study of Susala Island V.D. Vartak, M.C. Suryanarayanaand M.S. Phatak Non-wood Forest Resource Utilization in Western Ghats of 47 Maharashtra: an Ethnobotanical Approach V.S. Ohate Non-wood Tree Species of Peninsular lnda for Social Forestry 53 B.S. Nadagoudar Promotion of MPTS for NWFP by Girijan Cooperative 55 Corporation in Andhra Pradesh: A Success Story M.C. Suryanarayana Promotion of Non-Wood ForestProduce by Cultivation of MPTS 61 through Social Forestry S. Sankaramurthyand S.O. Mohamed AU Non-woodTree Productsfrom Social Forestry 66 P.S. Pathak Resourcesfor Productionof Gums, Resins, Tannins and 70 Oils in the Tribal Areas of Chhotanagpur in Bihar D.P. Sinha Selection of MultipurposeTree Species through Planting 82 Programme: Review and Strategyfor Improvement M.G. Gogte and V.S. Joshi Potential of Medicinal Plants in Tribal Development 89 R.S. Kadam Selected Medicinal Plants : Cultivation and Drug Development 92 G.T. Panse Promotion of Non-wood Forest Produce through Beekeeping 96 G. Mohana Rao, M.C. Suryanarayanaand Naresh Pal Studies on Plant Species ProducingMinor Forest Products 103 A.D. Karve and A.V. Gogte Tree Species for Non-wood Forest Produce and their utilization 105 S.A. Chavan Acacia Senegal: A Promising Legume for Rural Development 108 Programmes in Maharashtra D. Gujar Kokum (Garcinia indica) Cultivation in Konkan 114 Areas of Maharashtra M.G. Sardar and K. Subramanian The Mahua Tree in a Tribal Village: A Case Study of Village 118 Chondain Vansda, South Gujarat G.G. Sohani Sal Seed in Raipur Districtof Madhya Pradesh 125 P.K. Mishra Plate-makingwith Buteamonosperma Leaves as 127 Part-time Employment GR. Hegde Tadi Palm 132 R.K. Suryaprakash Rao Cultivation Practices and Economic Feasibilityof Jatropha as a 133 Non-wood Forest Species Kanwarjit Singh Scopefor Agave Planting in Social Forestry 137 K.A. Kushalapa and R.K. Sun Some Aspects of Sisal Cultivation 143 M. Hussain, and U.M. Farooqul Prospectsfor Cane Cultivation in Maharashtra 147 M. Hussain, U.M. Farooqui and B.S. Jadhav Scope for Introduction of Broom grass through 150 Social Forestry S. Ratli SECTION II. NEEM: IMPROVEMENT, PRODUCTION AND USES Benefits and Uses of Neeni Tree 153 R.P. Singh and P.K. Kataria Neem Silvioulture, Production and Uses 166 N.G. Hegde Studies on Seed Germination and Oil Contentin Neem 175 C. Surendran, R.S.V. Rai, K. Sivagnanam,G. Kumaravelu, M. Shanmugam,A. Ragupathy, S. Preetha, P. Srimathi and K. Kumaran The Need for Cooperative Research on Neem 183 R.J. Vandenbeldt and S. Bhumibhamon SECTION III. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTSOF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCE Need for Protection and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants as 192 an integral part of Social Forestry Programmes G. Shastri NWFP Speciesfor Employment and Income Generation: 194 Problemsand Prospects R.L. Chowdhary Minor Forest Produce Collection and Marketing in 202 H.D. Kote Taluk, Karnataka: A Case Study G.N.S. Reddy and C. Doreswamy Non-wood Forest Produce: A Potential Source for 205 Generating Employment in Western Ghat Region of Uttara Kannada District in Karnataka D.M. Bhat and G.V. Hegde Scope for Employment Generation through Tree Species 213 Yielding Non-wood Forest Produce S.A. Chavan and U.B. Apte Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Agroforestry 215 S.B. Khadilkar and R.V. Nisal An Insurance in Distress and a Bonus during Affluence 217 R.N. Jena SECTION IV. PROMOTION OF MPTS Equity in User Group Forestry: Implementation of Community Forestry in Central Nepal 218 R.B. Chhetri and M.C. Nurse Performance of MPTS in AdverseEdapho-climatic ?29 Environments N.G. Hegde, L.L. Relwani, S.R. Joglekar and K.T. Dinesh Kumar. Multipurpose Tree Species Development Programme under 235 Social Forestry in Tamil Nadu E.S. Thangam LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 239 PROMOTION OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCE An Overview of the WorkshopPresentations R.L. Chowdhary, N.G. Hegde and J.N. Daniel The approach to development of forest resources has so far laid more emphasis On augmentation of major forest products like timber and fuel whereas the non-wood forest products (NWFP) such as gum, wax, medicinal herbs, fruits, nuts, edible and non-edible oil seeds have received relatively low priority. Traditionally, the tribals and villagers residing in adjoining forest areas have been subsisting on these resources, for meeting their needs and for providing employment and income through collection and sale or barter of these products. Before developing a programme for promotion of NWFP, it was thought essential to document the traditional knowledge and explore the technology available for optimising the production of NWFP commonly in demand, both in national and international markets. Against this background, a national workshop was held during March 8-11, 1992 in Pune. Scientists, Foresters, Non-Government Organisations and Government agencies and users of NWFP were invited to share their experiences and suggest suitable strategies for promotion and cultivation of trees for NWFP. 103 delegates participated in the workshop and presented 39technical papers to highlight the social, technological and economicdimensions of the workshopthemes. WorkshopThemes The plenary sessions and group discussionsfocussed on the following themes. 1. Identification of MultipurposeTree Species for non-woodforest produce. 2. Collection, processing, marketing and infrastructural needs for non-wood forest produce. 1 3. Potential of non-woodforest produce for income and employment generation. Special sessions were also held on socio-economic significance and technical problems of raising neem (Azadirchta indica) and MPTS. More than 60 exhibits and posters, consisting of essential oils, medicinal herbs, oil seeds, gums and other processed products were displayed. A brief overview of the papers presented in the workshop is presented