ＨＯＫＵＨＯＫＵ（（北北 ＝＝ ＮＯＲＴＨ）ＮＯＲＴＨ） ＲＩＫＵ（ＲＩＫＵ（陸陸 ＝＝ ＬＡＮＤ）ＬＡＮＤ） WhyWhy northnorth ?? ⇒⇒ NorthNorth ofof KYOTOKYOTO Hokuriku AJEC （（longtimelongtime capitalcapital ofof JapanJapan ）） (Around Japan sea Economic Exchange Conference in Hokuriku) 1 SituatedSituated inin thethe midstmidst ofof HonshuHonshu （（mainmain islandisland ofof JapaneseJapanese archipelarchipel ）） facingfacing toto JapanJapan SeaSea Japan ’sss3 largest metropolitan cities Tokyo,Nagoya,Osaka areareare within 300km radius But geologically separated from Pacific Ocean side of island by high mountains (2 to 3 thousand meters of altitude) Hokuriku AJEC 2 WetWet climate:climate: AnnualAnnual precipitation:2,500mmprecipitation:2,500mm v.sv.sv.sv.sv.sv.s .. 1,500mm1,500mm atat PacificPacific sideside Very rich in water which lead, historically speaking, to acumulation of local industries such as; Electricity consuming industries （（（Aluminum indutries for exemple ））） Textile industries Semiconductor manufacturing indutries Major meteorological difference from Pacific side: wet wind from Japan Sea during winter ⇒ abundant precipitation snowing very often thunder storms Hokuriku AJEC 3 HokurikuHokuriku areaarea coverscovers 333333 prefecturesprefectures ofofofofofof ToyamaToyama ，，，，，，IshikawaIshikawa andand Fukui.Fukui. ((((((ⅠⅠ)))))) But, this concept of area is not the area of public administration. In Japanese administrative sutructure, there is no intermediate government between national (central) government and prefectural governments. In Japan, there are 47 prefectural (local) governments (including Tokyo metropolitan government). Because prefectures are generally too small, discussions continue for creating larger regional governments. Hokuriku may or may not be such region. Hokuriku Economic Federation （Hokuriku Keizai Rengoukai ･･･ Hokkeiren ） is founded by enterprises of 3 prefectures of Toyama, Ishikawa and Fukui. Hokuriku AJEC 4 HokurikuHokuriku areaarea coverscovers 333333 prefecturesprefectures ofofofofofof Toyama,Toyama, IshikawaIshikawa andand Fukui.Fukui. ((((((ⅡⅡ)))))) In some limited cases, Niigata Prefecture is included in Hokuriku area. Historically speaking, the reign of Maeda during Edo era (265years) left strong cultural influence over the descendants of the area. Maeda, based at Kanazawa (Kaga-han ･･･ country name during Edo era), was the largest Daimyo (feudal lord) in Japan other than ruling Tokugawa family and ruled the vast area including present Ishikawa Prefecture and major part of Toyama Prefecture (including Toyama and Takaoka). Hokuriku AJEC 5 HokurikuHokuriku Population(2005):Population(2005): 3,1073,107 thousandthousand ･･････････････････ 2.4%2.4% ofofofofofof JapanJapan age 000－141414 ：：： 14.1 ％ 151515 －646464 ：：： 63.7 ％ ≧ 656565 ：：： 22.2 ％ Major cities (population over 100,000) ：：： [Toyama Prefecture 1,111,729] Toyama 421,239 Takaoka 181,229 [Ishikawa Prefecture 1,174,026] Kanazawa 454,607 Hakusan 109,450 Komatsu 109,084 [Fukui Prefecture 821,592] Fukui 269,144 [3 prefectures total 3,107,347] Hokuriku AJEC 6 GDP(2003GDP(2003 fiscalfiscal year):year): 12.312.3 trilliontrillion YenYen ･･････････････････ 2.5%2.5% ｏｆｏｆｏｆｏｆｏｆｏｆ JapanJapan 107.1 ｂｂｂillion US$ （（（US$ ＝115Yen basis ））） Primary sector: 1.1% Secondary sector: 30.5% Tertiary sector: 68.4% Hokuriku AJEC 7 TraditionalTraditional artisanalartisanal products(1)products(1) The followings are some examples of the most wellwell---- known traditional crafts of Hokuriku; Wajimanuri Kutani Porcelain Wajima lacquer ware is made after In the early Edo Period (1603-1867), colorful going through more than 100 ceramics were initiated by the order of different processes and is known Lord of Kaga-han. Because of their for its deep and solid color. The bright colorful design, they are prized main features of this lacquer ware highly as works of art and Kutani are the techniques called chinkin pottery was also exported to foreign and maki-e. Wajimanuri is probably countries during Meiji (1868 -1912 ) and the most well-known among the Taisho (1912-1926 ) eras. Japanese lacquer ware. Hokuriku AJEC 8 TraditionalTraditional artisanalartisanal products(2)products(2) Takaoka Kanazawahaku (Kanazawa Gold Leaf) Copperware 99% of the total gold leaf production of Japan is done in Ishikawa. In recent years, the paper used The Takaoka in “hakuuchi”-gold leaf beating methods is used copperware produces as “aburatori-gami” or face-oil remover paper. 90% of all Japanese copperwares. It has developed by having Kaga Yuzen created “Karakane Kaga Yuzen is type of dyed cloth unique to Japan. It Imono” (the bronze normally depicts natural motifs such as casting) which grass,flowers in its pictures. The skills of master applies metal carving crafts are evident in the techniques such as bokashi on castings such as (fading) and mushikui (intentional insect bite vases and Buddhist method used to depict warm-eaten leaves), used to altar fittings . create lifelike sketching. Hokuriku AJEC 9 ParticularitiesParticularities ofofofofofof manufacturingmanufacturing indutriesindutries inininininin HokurikuHokuriku ((((((ⅠⅠ):):):):):): Because industrialization of Japan had been conducted mainly on the Pacific Ocean side sea front since Meiji era, heavy manufacturing industries such as steel mill, large scale shipbuilding, petroleum refinery, do not exist at Japan Sea side. As presented in slide 3, textile industry is the most typical industry of Hokuriku. But, even in this industrial sector, the role of local industries was complementary vis-a-vis large scale textile yarn manufacturers of national/international scale, because local industries were relatively small in its scale. Even now, majority of local industries of Hokuriku is middle and small scale enterprises, though large companies such as Komatsu (head-office registered in Tokyo) of construction machineries, YKK of zippers (fasteners), Fujikoshi of NACHI brand bearings, are examples of exception. Hokuriku AJEC 10 ParticularitiesParticularities ofofofofofof manufacturingmanufacturing indutriesindutries inininininin HokurikuHokuriku ((((((ⅡⅡ):):):):):): Textile industries brought up textile machinery industries, then machine tool manufacturers. Furthermore, Hokuriku’s soil of light industries also helped developments of plastic molders and electronic component manufacturers. Semiconductor manufacturing industries are also flourishing in Hokuriku which needs abundant pure water. Hokuriku AJEC 11 HokurikuHokuriku 333333 prefecturesprefectures CustomsCustoms DataData 20062006 Japan Export South Hokuriku Russia, Korea, Export Russia, others, 1%1%1% 8%8%8% 21% China 30% Taiwan, (Includin 3%3%3% ggg Hongkon China g,Macao (Includin South others, ）））, 20% ggg Korea, 64% Taiwan, HongKon 20% 7%7%7% g,Macao) 75,246.1billion yen , 25% 356.9billion yen Russia, South Hokuriku South Japan Import Import 11% Korea, 11% Korea, Russia, 5%5%5% China 5%5%5% 1%1%1% (Includin China ggg (Includi HongKon ngngng g,Macao) HongKo , 21% ng,Maca others, others, o), 19% 70% Taiwan, 63% 4%4%4% Taiwan, 1%1%1% 67,344.2billion yen 493.8billion yen Hokuriku AJEC 12 InternationalInternational linerliner cotainercotainer servicesservices ofof HokurikuHokuriku (3(3 portsports asas ofof 15/6/2007)15/6/2007) Port Sea route service/week Ship type Calling ports FushikiToyama →→→ N iigata →→→ A k ita →→→ B u sa n →→→ Kanazawa →→→ 111container FushikiToyama FushikiToyama →→→ N iigata →→→ Sak ata →→→ B u sa n →→→ Kanazawa →→→ K o rea 111container (4services FushikiToyama /week) 111container FushikiToyama →→→ B u sa n →→→ N aoetsu →→→ N iigata →→→ FushikiToyama FushikiToyama →→→ N iigata →→→ Tomakomai →→→ B u sa n →→→ Kanazawa →→→ 111container Fushiki FushikiToyama Toyam a FushikiToyama →→→ O ta ru →→→ D a lia n →→→ Q ingdao →→→ Shanghai →→→ C h in a Sakaim inato →→→ N iigata →→→ FushikiToyama (2services 222container /week) FushikiToyama →→→ Kanazawa →→→ D a lia n →→→ Q ingdao →→→ Shanghai →→→ N iig ata →→→ FushikiToyama T S C S （（（SLB) T S C S SLB) 111 (1service container FushikiToyama →→→ Vostochny (service /month) /m onth ））） K o rea 111container Kanazawa →→→ FushikiToyama →→→ N iigata →→→ A k ita →→→ B u sa n (3services Kanazawa →→→ FushikiToyama →→→ N iigata →→→ Sak ata →→→ B u sa n 222 container /week) Kanazawa →→→ Sakaim inato →→→ B u sa n →→→ Sakaim inato →→→ N aoetsu Kanazawa →→→ Sakaim inato →→→ Shanghai →→→ Q ingdao →→→ D a lia n →→→ C h in a M aizu ru →→→ N iig ata →→→ FushikiToyama Kanazawa (1service 222 container /weekly) Kanazawa →→→ FushikiToyama →→→ N iigata →→→ O ta ru →→→ N ih g b o →→→ Shanghai N o rth 1 Kanazawa →→→（（（ intermediate calling port,but irregular ）））→）→→→ Am erica 11 R O / R O (1service (service /month) NewYork /m onth ））） K o rea 111container B Busan u sa n →→→ N iigata →→→ N aoetsu →→→ Tsuruga →→→ B u sa n Tsuruga (2services /week) 111container B Busan u sa n →→→ M aizu ru →→→ Tsuruga →→→ Sakaim inato →→→ B u sa n Hokuriku AJEC 13 AirwayAirway routesroutes ((((((ⅠⅠ)))))) ［［［Toyama airport ］］］（］（（（Toyama PrefPref. ...））） Domestic flightflights sss：：： Tokyo （（（Haneda ））） 666flights daily Sapporo 111 flight daily Fukuoka 111 flight daily International flightflights sss:::: Seoul 333 flights weekly Vladivostok 333 flights weekly Dalian 333 flights weekly Shanghai 333 flights weekly Hokuriku AJEC 14 AirwayAirway routesroutes ((((((ⅡⅡ)))))) [Komatsu airport ］（］（］（ Ishikawa PrefPref. ...））） Domestic flightflights sss:::: International flightflights sss:::: Tokyo （（（Haneda ））） 111111flights daily Seoul 444 flights weekly Tokyo （（（Narita ））） 111flight daily Shanghai 333 flights weekly （ ）