Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 2012 333333333333333333333333 LAKSHADWEEP ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE (LAPCC) UNION TERRITORY OF LAKSHADWEEP i SUPPORTED BY UNDP Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 LAKSHADWEEP ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE (LAPCC) Department of Environment and Forestry Union Territory of Lakshadweep Supported by UNDP ii Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 Foreword 2012 Climate Change (LAPCC) iii Lakshadweep Action Plan on Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 Acknowledgements 2012 Climate Change (LAPCC) iv Lakshadweep Action Plan on Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 CONTENTS FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. XIII PART A: CLIMATE PROFILE .............................................................................................................. 1 1 LAKSHADWEEP - AN OVERVIEW ............................................................................................. 2 1.1 Development Issues and Priorities .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Baseline Scenario of Lakshadweep ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 Geophysical Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 5 2012 1.2.1.1 Area and Location ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1.2 Natural Wetlands ............................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1.3 Hydrogeology .................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.2 Ecological Profile ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.2.1 Ecosystems ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.2.2 Flora ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 1.2.2.3 Fauna ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.3 Social Profile ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 1.2.3.1 Governance ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.3.2 Demography .................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.2.3.3 Rural Development and Employment ............................................................................................................. 16 1.2.3.4 Water Supply and Sanitation ........................................................................................................................... 17 1.2.3.5 Health .............................................................................................................................................................. 18 1.2.4 Economic Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 1.2.4.1 Livelihood Pattern ........................................................................................................................................... 19 1.2.4.2 Fisheries........................................................................................................................................................... 20 1.2.4.3 Crop Production............................................................................................................................................... 21 1.2.4.4 Animal Husbandry........................................................................................................................................... 22 1.2.4.5 Industry ............................................................................................................................................................ 23 1.2.4.6 Tourism, ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 1.2.4.7 Transport and Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................ 24 1.2.4.8 Energy ............................................................................................................................................................. 27 1.3 Climate Change Scenarios ......................................................................................................................................... 30 1.3.1 Sea Level Rise .......................................................................................................................................................... 32 1.4 Assessment of Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability .................................................................................... 34 1.4.1 Lakshadweep: Assessment of Impact and Vulnerability ......................................................................................... 34 1.4.2 Natural Disasters: Impact and Vulnerability ............................................................................................................ 35 1.4.2.1 Cyclonic Storms and other risks ...................................................................................................................... 36 1.4.3 Coastal Zone Vulnerability ...................................................................................................................................... 38 1.4.3.1 Coastal Zone Erosion and Accretion ............................................................................................................... 38 1.4.3.2 Flood Prone Areas of Lakshadweep Islands .................................................................................................... 39 hadweep Action Plan on Climate Change (LAPCC) v Laks Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 1.4.4 Assessment of Key Sectoral Impacts and Vulnerabilities ........................................................................................ 40 1.4.4.1 Crop and Animal Husbandry ........................................................................................................................... 40 1.4.4.2 Fishery ............................................................................................................................................................. 41 1.4.4.3 Biodiversity ..................................................................................................................................................... 42 1.4.4.4 Water Resources .............................................................................................................................................. 46 1.4.4.5 Health .............................................................................................................................................................. 48 1.4.4.6 Tourism ........................................................................................................................................................... 50 1.4.4.7 Infrastructure and Transportation .................................................................................................................... 52 1.4.4.8 Energy ............................................................................................................................................................. 53 1.4.5 Vulnerable Groups: Assessment of Impact and Vulnerability ................................................................................. 54 1.4.5.1 Livelihood Vulnerability and Vulnerable Groups ........................................................................................... 54 1.4.5.2 Human Settlements and Well-being ................................................................................................................ 56 1.4.6 Adaptation ................................................................................................................................................................ 57 1.4.6.1 Adaptation: Practices, Options and Constraints .............................................................................................. 57 1.4.6.2 Disaster Risk Management Initiatives ............................................................................................................