The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire Volume 140: start THE RECORD SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE FOUNDED TO TRANSCRIBE AND PUBLISH ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE TWO COUNTIES VOLUME CXL The Society wishes to acknowledge with gratitude the support given towards publication by The Marc Fitch Fund The Aurelius Foundation Cheshire County Council Lancashire County Council © The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire J.H. Harrop P.H.W. Booth S.A. Harrop ISBN 0 902593 63 3 Printed in Great Britain by J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd. Extenta dominii de Longdendale anno xxxiiif Edwardi tercij EXTENT OF THE LORDSHIP OF LONGDENDALE 1360 Edited by John Harrop with Paul Booth and Sylvia Harrop PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 2005 FOR THE SUBSCRIPTION YEAR 2002 COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOE THE YEAR 2002 President Jenny Kermode, B.A., Ph.D. Hon. Council Secretary Dorothy J. Clayton, M.A., Ph.D., A.L.A., F.R.Hist.S., c/o John Rylands University Library of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M l3 9PP Hon. Membership Secretary Maureen Barber, B.A., D.L.A., 7 Rosebank, Lostock, Bolton BL6 4PE Hon. Treasurer and Publications Secretary Fiona Pogson, B.A., Ph.D., c/o Department of History, Liverpool Hope University College, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD Hon. General Editor Philip Morgan, B.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S. (from March 2002 Peter McNiven, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S., The Vicarage, 1 Heol Mansant, Pontyates, Llanelli, Carmarthenshire SA15 5SB) Other Members of the Council Diana E.S. Dunn, B.A., D.Ar. Studies B.W. Quintrell, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S. B. Jackson, M.A., D.A.A. D.A. Stoker, B.A., M.Ar.Ad. V. McKeman, B.A., D.A.A. T.J. Thornton, M.A., D. Phil. P. McNiven, B.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S. G.J. White, B.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S. J.R.H. Pepler, M.A., D.A.A. T.J. Wyke, B.A. C.B. Phillips, B.A., Ph.D. CONTENTS List of illustrations vi General Editor’s preface vii Map of the lordship of Longdendale viii Introduction ix The ‘Extent of Longdendale 1360’ ix Longdendale ix The origins of these extents x The manuscripts xiv The dates of membranes 4 and 5 xvii The juries of the 1360 extent and their evidence xxi Succeeding stages in the production of the 1360 extent xxii The remainder of Sir William Caryngton’s tenure of the lordship xxiii Services xxiv Evidence relating to everyday life and economy xxvii Comparison with the accounts xxx Survival of these records xxxi Longdendale at a time of change xxxii Publication xxxiv Editorial conventions xxxiv Acknowledgements xxxv Abbreviations xxxvii Tables xxxviii Photographs xlvi Annotated text and translation 1 m. 1 2 m. 2 6 m. 3 12 m. 4 22 m. 5 32 m. 6 46 m. 7 62 Appendix - Longdendale Tenancies 72 Prosopographical Index 83 Bibliography 101 Index of persons 104 Index of places 108 Index of subjects 110 ILLUSTRATIONS Map of the lordship of Longdendale, Cheshire c. 1360 viii Note: Plates 1 and 2 © Mrs Rachel McGuicken, July 2003. Plates 3-14 by John Harrop, all taken in May 2004 except where an earlier date is indicated. Plate 1 Buckton Castle from School Lane, Carrbrook. xlvi Plate 2 Buckton Castle, looking towards the south gate from the SE ditch. xlvi Plate 3 Stayley Hall as it appeared in 1966. xlvii Plate 4 Stayley Hall from the NE in 1966. xlvii Plate 5 Newton Hall in 1968 with original structure exposed. xlviii Plate 6 Restoration work on the south end of Newton Hall in 1969. xlviii Plate 7 Longdendale from below Mottram Church. xlix Plate 8 Mottram-in-Longdendale from above Roe Cross in 1966. xlix Plate 9 Longdendale from The Hague in Mottram. 1 Plate 10 Tintwistle seen from Hadfield. 1 Plate 11 The hamlet of Amfield to the NW of Tintwistle. li Plate 12 Matley and Harrop Edge in 1971. li Plate 13 Salter’s Brook: the old county boundary with Yorkshire. lii Plate 14 The old pack-horse bridge over Salter’s Brook. lii GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE With the publication of this volume, there are grounds for maintaining that the Record Society’s ‘series’ of mid-fourteenth century Cheshire documents has now become established. In 1977, Liverpool University’s Paul Booth suggested that the Society publish a succession of parallel Latin/English texts of Cheshire material held by the Public Record Office, accompanied by introductions, notes and other relevant data. In his proposal he observed that modem scholarship could improve considerably on the standard set at the beginning of the twentieth century by the pioneering Cheshire historian Ronald Stewart-Brown, whose Accounts of the Chamberlain and Other Officers of the County of Chester, 1301-60 was published by the Society in 1910. It is therefore appropriate that this third volume of P.R.O. Cheshire records from the early 1360s is a greatly improved and extended annotated version of material which first appeared in a far less satisfactory form in the Cheshire Sheaf between 1976 and 1978. There is also a geographical and administrative overlap in theme between the present volume, dealing as it does with the upland ‘panhandle’ of Cheshire’s easternmost Hundred, and Paul Booth’s Accounts of the Manor and Hundred of Macclesfield, Cheshire, Michaelmas 1361 to Michaelmas 1362, published as the Society’s Volume 138. The P.R.O. holds over twenty categories of Cheshire records for the fourteenth century. It is hoped that recent volumes may inspire other historians to offer further contributions to the growing picture of later medieval Cheshire life presented by the Society’s publications. V lll LORDSHIP OF LQNGDESMDALE, CHESHIRE c.1360 YORKSHIRE LANCASHIRE Lordship boundary Township boundary Demesne township of the lordship of Longdendale Source: Boundaries based on F I Dunn, 4 Ancient Parishes, Townships and Chapeiries of Cheshire, J Cheshire Record Office, 1987 INTRODUCTION The ‘Extent of Longdendale 1360’ The subject of this study is a roll preserved in the Public Record Office, Kew, in the Special Collections, Rentals and Surveys, Rolls, with the reference SC 11/897. The on-line catalogue (PROCAT) lists it thus: Longden Dale: Extent or Survey. 34 Edw. III. Note 7 ms. The roll bears on the dorse of the last sheet in a later, possibly seventeenth- century, hand: Extenta dominii de Longdendale anno xxxiiij0 Edwardi tercij, ‘Extent of the lordship of Longdendale in the 34th year of Edward the third’. These seven sheets will be described in detail and discussed later, but initially it must be point­ ed out that none of them constitutes a finished extent or survey of 1360. What sur­ vives in this roll amounts to a file of documents of differing types relating to the valuation of the lordship about that time, including two partial and one apparent­ ly complete, if defective, rough drafts of an extent of the lordship of Longdendale of 1360, and one later rental and another later extent made for reasons which will be set out below. These surviving records, limited and incomplete as they are, shed interesting light not only on the state of this part of Cheshire at the time, on its people and their vicissitudes and on land tenure, but also on the requirements for and the methodology involved in the preparation of such an extent. Longdendale Geographically, Longdendale is the upper portion of the valley of the river Etherow, which in medieval times constituted the boundary between the eastern­ most portion of Cheshire on its north bank and Derbyshire on its south. It is now often referred to as the Woodhead Valley. Much of the floor of the upper valley is now occupied by a series of reservoirs providing part of Manchester’s water supply, the hill tops are grouse moors, and the valley is crossed by the Pennine Way. The modem traveller by road from Manchester to Sheffield may choose to avoid the A59 Snake Pass route and go instead over Woodhead. In so doing he or she will travel up the length of Longdendale, passing through some of the settle­ ments mentioned in these records, and be able to admire the gritstone edges and deep doughs in the landscape on either side. Since ancient times this was a pack- horse route by which salt from Cheshire was transported to Yorkshire, giving its name to Salter’s Brook which provided the boundary with Yorkshire at the east­ ern end of the valley. The medieval lordship of Longdendale in the county of Chester occupied not only the north side of the steep valley referred to above, including settlements at Hollingworth, Amfield and Tintwistle, but most of the so-called ‘pan handle’ of the old county of Cheshire, including the moorland to the north over into the valley IX x Introduction of the river Tame with its castle at Buckton, settlements at Stayley, Micklehurst and Littlehurst (now lost), and lower, broader lands further south-west including settlements at Mottram, Matley, Newton, Godley, Hattersley and Wemeth. For maps and plans see map, p. viii, and Nevell and Walker, Lands and Lordships in Tameside, pp. 8, 21, 43 and 48.1 In addition to the castle at Buckton, already a worthless ruin by the time of this extent, the lordship included two manors in demesne, Tintwistle and Mottram-in- Longdendale. Tintwistle was the lordship’s administrative centre and was also a borough. In addition, the lords of the neighbouring townships of Stayley, Newton, Matley, Godley, Great and Little Hollingworth, Hattersley and Werneth held their estates as tenants of the lord of Longdendale, and many of the services which they owed to him are detailed in these records.