NSW LAW REFORM COMMISSION REPORT 117 Jury selection September 2007 R117 Jury selection New South Wales. Law Reform Commission. Sydney 2007 ISSN 1030-0244 (Report) National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-publication entry New South Wales. Law Reform Commission. Jury selection. Bibliography. ISBN 978-0-7347-2628-5 1. Jury selection – New South Wales. 2. Jurors – New South Wales. 3. Jury duty – New South Wales. I. Title. (Series: Report (New South Wales. Law Reform Commission); 117). 347.9440752 ii NSW Law Reform Commission Contents New South Wales Law Reform Commission Letter to the Attorney General To the Hon John Hatzistergos Attorney General for New South Wales Dear Attorney Jury service We make this Report pursuant to the reference to this Commission received 14 August 2006. The Hon James Wood AO QC Chairperson September 2007 NSW Law Reform Commission iii R117 Jury selection iv NSW Law Reform Commission Contents Table of Contents Terms of reference ..........................................................................................xi Participants......................................................................................................xi RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................xii 1. Introduction BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 2 Past reviews.................................................................................................... 2 This review ...................................................................................................... 2 Lack of empirical data...................................................................................... 4 THE ROLE OF THE JURY IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM ....................................... 4 Current use of juries in NSW ........................................................................... 5 Criminal trials ............................................................................................. 5 Coroner’s inquests and inquiries ..................................................................... 7 Civil trials.................................................................................................... 7 THE COMPOSITION OF THE JURY.................................................................... 8 The representative jury.................................................................................... 9 Benefits.................................................................................................... 10 Risk of bias in appearing to exclude particular groups .................................. 12 Spreading the burden of service .............................................................. 14 Random selection.......................................................................................... 15 Peremptory challenge.................................................................................... 16 Volunteers................................................................................................ 16 Special panels.......................................................................................... 17 2. Qualification, disqualification and ineligibility TERMINOLOGY.................................................................................................. 20 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND............................................................................ 20 Early provisions for juries............................................................................... 20 First NSW provisions for qualification, exemption and disqualification.......... 22 The 1847 consolidation ................................................................................. 23 20th century developments............................................................................ 23 The current Act.............................................................................................. 24 QUALIFICATION................................................................................................. 25 Enrolment as an elector................................................................................. 25 Current law............................................................................................... 25 Moving beyond the electoral roll .............................................................. 26 Not disqualified.............................................................................................. 29 Not ineligible.................................................................................................. 29 A SINGLE CATEGORY OF EXCLUSION........................................................... 30 Reducing the categories of exclusion............................................................ 31 3. Disqualification arising from criminal history RATIONALE FOR EXCLUSION.......................................................................... 36 SERVICE OF A SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT............................................ 38 NSW Law Reform Commission v R117 Jury selection People currently serving a sentence.............................................................. 39 People who have completed a custodial sentence........................................ 39 Current law............................................................................................... 39 Law in other jurisdictions.......................................................................... 40 Balancing principles................................................................................. 41 The Commission’s conclusion ....................................................................... 43 JUVENILE OFFENDERS IN DETENTION.......................................................... 46 PEOPLE BOUND BY ORDERS OF A CRIMINAL COURT................................. 49 Apprehended violence orders........................................................................ 50 Disqualification from driving a motor vehicle ................................................. 52 Imprisonment for failure to pay a fine ............................................................ 54 Awaiting trial or sentencing............................................................................ 54 Recognizance to be of good behaviour or to keep the peace........................ 55 Other orders.................................................................................................. 56 IDENTIFYING CRIMINAL HISTORIES............................................................... 57 4. Occupational ineligibility THE GOVERNOR............................................................................................... 63 JUDICIAL OFFICERS AND CORONERS........................................................... 63 MEMBERS OR OFFICERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL............................ 66 MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OR LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 66 Common law immunity .................................................................................. 67 Statutory exemption....................................................................................... 68 Submissions .................................................................................................. 69 The Commission’s conclusion ....................................................................... 70 OFFICERS AND OTHER STAFF OF THE PARLIAMENT.................................. 71 LAWYERS........................................................................................................... 72 Australian lawyers ......................................................................................... 72 Crown Prosecutors, Public Defenders, Director or Deputy Directors of Public Prosecutions and Solicitors for Public Prosecutions..................... 74 People employed or engaged in the public sector in the provision of legal services in criminal cases ............................................................... 75 Lawyers in private practice who are employed or engaged in the provision of legal services in criminal cases ................................................ 76 The Commission’s conclusion ....................................................................... 78 PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES ........................................................................ 79 Law enforcement and criminal investigation, and police officers................... 80 Current NSW provisions .......................................................................... 80 Other Australian provisions...................................................................... 80 Past reviews............................................................................................. 81 Submissions............................................................................................. 82 The Commission’s conclusion.................................................................. 83 Administration of justice and penal administration ................................... 85 Administration of justice ........................................................................... 86 Penal administration ................................................................................ 88 OMBUDSMAN AND DEPUTY OMBUDSMAN.................................................... 89 Current NSW provisions ................................................................................ 89 Other Australian provisions...........................................................................