Romania’s National Nuclear and Waste Management Program IFNEC Infrastructure Development Working Group May 8, 2014 , Bucharest Stela DIACONU Senior Expert ANDR, Romania CONTENT Main institutions in Romanian nuclear field IFIN-HH INR-Pitesti S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. CITON CNCAN Radioactive Waste Management Overview Institutional and legal framework National Strategy for RWM Sources and types of RW Storage and Disposal Facilities Public Involvement ANDR short-time objectives New Challenges „HORIA HULUBEI” NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR ENGINEERING” (IFIN-HH) 1949 - The Institute of Physics of the Romanian Academy was established 1956 - The Physics Institute of the Academy split into an Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA), located at Magurele, outside Bucharest, under Hulubei's direction, and the Bucharest Institute of Physics (IFB), based at the Faculty of Physics of the Bucharest University 1957 - VVRS fission reactor and a U120 cyclotron, both of Soviet make, were put into service on the IFA site, at Magurele 1957 - Romania - founding member of the International Atomic Energy Agency 1997 - the reactor was shut down, waiting for decommissioning 2001 - the Board of Administration of IFIN-HH decided the permanent shutdown and starting of the decommissioning preparation actions. 2002 - the Romanian Government decide the final shutdown for the decommissioning of the Nuclear Reactor VVR-S IFIN-HH develops Basic and Applied Physics Research activities. IFIN-HH ELI-NP Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics A very high intensity laser, where beams from two 10 PW lasers are coherently added to get intensities of the order of 1023 - 1024 W/cm2 and electrical fields of 1015 V/m European laboratory to consistently investigate a very broad range of science domains R&D activities: • Theoretical Physics • Atomic, Nuclear & Particle Physics • Life & Environmental Physics • Radioisotopes & Radiopharmaceuticals • Technological Irradiations • Radioactive Waste Treatment & Storage • Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities • Nuclear engineering • Training in nuclear activities INR - Institute for Nuclear Research . Institute for Nuclear Research - founded in 1971 – Mioveni site . Support for National Nuclear Power Program: . technical support institute for the safe operation of the NPP; . fuel technology and testing; . equipment production and testing; . development of new technologies, methods, computer codes directed towards end-products or services with applications in NPP; . operation and development of experimental infrastructure; . basic and applied research; . education and training. INR - Research Infrastructure . Research Reactors . Post-irradiation Examination Laboratory . Material Testing and Nuclear Fuel Fabrication . Radioactive Waste Treatment Laboratories . Out-of-Pile Testing Laboratories INR - ALFRED Project Main objective: to demonstrate the viability of LFR technology - to perform all preparatory activities (technical design, licensing, siting,…) - to build a demonstration installation of 125 MWe SOCIETATEA NATIONALA NUCLEARELECTRICA S.A. (SNN) THE OPERATOR OF NPP SNN S.A. BUCHAREST CERNAVODA PITESTI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT NUCLEAR FUEL FACILITY • SAFE & EFFICIENT OPERATION OF UNITS • NUCLEAR FUEL FABRICATION 1 & 2 – CANDU 6 • MANAGEMENT OF ALL SNN ASSETS IN CERNAVODA, INCLUDING PRESERVATION OF UNITS 3 – 5 & HEATING SUPPLIER by courtesy of S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. 8 THE NUCLEAR POWER IN ROMANIA CERNAVODA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT Power Type Operation since MW(e) Cernavoda 1 706,5 PHWR 1996 Cernavoda 2 704,8 PHWR 2007 Cernavoda 3 720 PHWR Under construction Cernavoda 4 720 PHWR Under construction Cernavoda 5 706,5 PHWR Not any more considered 9 by courtesy of S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. STATUS OF THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA ELECTRICAL POWER(2013 PRODUCTION – BREAKDOWN IN 2012 BY – RESOURCE BREAKDOWN TYPE) BY RESOURCE TYPE 0,61 0,52 19,83 29,71 25,76 8,01 15,57 Nuclear Hydro Hydrocarbons Wind Coal Biomass Photovoltaic by courtesy of S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. 10 CERNAVODA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNITS 1 & 2 PERFORMANCE PLANT PERFORMANCE GROSS CAPACITY FACTOR U1+U2 (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q1 GCF U1 97,62 84,8 100,10 91,53 99,67 87,16 99,40 101,02 GCF U2 93,23 96,92 90,6 97,24 91,07 98,47 89,15 100,42 GCF U1+U2 95,37 90,87 95,35 94,38 95,37 92,82 94,28 100,72 by courtesy of S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. 12 IMPACT ON PEOPLE & ENVIRONMENT CUMMULATED RELEASES OF RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENTS U1&U2 (μSv) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q1 Radioactiv e ef f luents U1 10,45 4,82 7,07 3,98 2,24 4,25 3,53 1,014 Radioactiv e ef f luents U2 0,15 0,88 1,44 1,75 1,37 2,05 1,99 0,567 Total 10,6 5,7 8,51 5,73 3,61 6,30 5,52 1,58 LEGAL DOSE FOR POPULATION 1000 µSv AUTHORISATION CONSTRAINT 100 µSv THE AVERAGE ANNUAL DOSE 0,57% FROM THE LEGAL DOSE (16 YEAR ROLLING) by courtesy of S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. 13 COLLECTIVE RADIATION EXPOSURE: COMPARISON OF CANDU-6 UNITS MEAN VALUE (man·mSv)/ UNIT 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q1 Cernav oda NPP 270,8 344,5 242,5 393,6 196,4 459 254,5 29,08 CANDU-6 mean v alue 1058 1816 1316 1108 747 by courtesy of S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. 14 Center of Technology for Nuclear Projects (CITON) CITON is part of the Autonomous Authority for Technologies for Nuclear Activities (RATEN) Main activity : – Design and Engineering works for the construction – installation, commissioning and operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities – Research and Development studies associated with the implementation of National Nuclear Program CITON as a full-service engineering company can assist the customers with all phases of projects implementation including development support and EPC interconnection. National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) the regulatory authority in the nuclear field elaborates the strategy and the policy for regulation, licensing and control with regard to: – nuclear safety – radiological safety – non-proliferation of nuclear weapons – physical protection of nuclear installations and materials – transport of radioactive materials – safe management of radioactive waste and spent fuel Radioactive Waste Management Institutional responsibilities in RWM Waste producers – Responsible for predisposal activities of SNF and RW and for decommissioning of their facilities; – Bear the expenses related to the collection, handling, transport, treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal of its wastes – Pay the annual contributions to the funds for disposal of SNF and RW and for decommissioning of nuclear facilities National Commission For Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) – regulatory body in the nuclear field Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR) – Support for the nuclear energy development in Romania (power and non – power applications), exclusively for peaceful purposes – Responsible for disposal of radioactive waste (RW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF), and ensure at national level the coordination of the nuclear installations decommissioning processes Legal framework Law no. 111/1996 on the safe development, regulation, authorization and control of nuclear activities, republished, with the subsequent amendments and completions Order no.844/2004 regarding the approval of “National Strategy on Medium and Long Term Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste, including the Disposal and Decommissioning of Nuclear and Radiological Facilities” Law no. 105/1999 for ratifying the Joint Convention on the safe management of spent fuel and on the safe management of radioactive waste Law 378/2013 for the transposition of Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste CNCAN norms and regulations Aarhus and Espoo Conventions Environmental Protection Law 265/2006 G.D. 1076/2004 on strategical environmental assessment procedure G.D. 445/2009 on environmental impact procedure Elements of RWM Policy Spent fuel produced by NPP’s shall be stored for limited period in dry storage facilities; after the storage period spent nuclear fuel shall be disposed of in a deep geological repository Spent fuel produced by research reactors shall be returned back to origin countries LILW-SL shall be disposed of in a near surface repository VLLW could be disposed of in less complex arrangement than LILW-SL LILW-LL shall be disposed in a deep geological repository The National Strategy for Safe Management of Radioactive Waste - Low & Intermediate Level Waste - LILW-SL LILW-LL NPP RR / NPP RR / NUCLEAR Mining Milling INSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTIONAL FUEL PLANT INTERIM INTERIM INTERIM STORAGE IN STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE TAILING ON NPP SITE ON NPP SITE ON RRs SITE PONDS NPP RR NPP RR TREATMENT TREATMENT TREATMENT TREATMENT FACILITY FACILITIES FACILITY FACILITIES IN SITU DISPOSAL IN DISPOSAL IN CAPPING / CLOSURE LILW N-S BAITA BIHOR GEOLOGICAL SURFACE RELOCATING OF TAILING REPOSITORY REPOSITORY REPOSITORY TRENCHES IN MINES PONDS EXISTING PLANNED 21 The strategy for the management of spent nuclear fuel resulted from operation both of NPP and of research reactors 22 Sources and Types of Radioactive Waste S.N. NUCLEARELECTRICA S.A. CNE Cernavoda (Unit 1 & 2) spent nuclear fuel bundles resulting from the operation of 2 CANDU nuclear power reactors radioactive waste (solid, liquid, mixed) resulting from the operation and maintenance radioactive waste resulting