The Kokoda Initiative – Subcatchment Mapping of Koiari Rural LLG Ward 18 Draft Final Report John Burton With the assistance of Elton Kaitokai, Joyce Onguglo and Malcolm Keako Dated 20 February 2015 Contact Joyce Onguglo Project Manager T +61 2 6125 0989 | F + 61 2 6125 5875 [email protected] KOKODA INITIATIVE PHASE 3 SUBCATCHMENT MAPPING IN WARD 18 – DRAFT REPORT Plate 1. ‘Tree house in British New Guinea’. ‘Houses … in the back country are built in trees and look like gigantic birds’-nests’ (Elkington and Hardy 1970: 21). i KOKODA INITIATIVE PHASE 3 SUBCATCHMENT MAPPING IN WARD 18 – DRAFT REPORT CONTENTS TABLES ................................................................................................................................................. vi FIGURES .............................................................................................................................................. vii PLATES ............................................................................................................................................... viii MAPS ................................................................................................................................................... ix TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................... xi HISTORICAL FIGURES MENTIONED IN THE TEXT ................................................................................ xii LINGUISTIC NOTE .............................................................................................................................. xiv MOUNTAIN KOIARI TIMELINE – WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WARD 18 ........................................ xv TASKS IN THE TERMS OF REFERENCE – WHERE ADDRESSED IN THE REPORT ................................. xvii DELIVERABLES IN THE TERMS OF REFERENCE .................................................................................. xix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................... 1 KEY FINDINGS FROM THE HISTORICAL SOURCES ................................................................................ 2 1. The Naoro SubCatchment was the centre of Mountain Koiari settlement ................................ 3 2. Tribes that were ‘killed off’ are critical to an understanding of land holdings in the Naoro SubCatchment ................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Historical processes are insuffiently informing development planning; a century of map revision has not helped ................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 NEW LIGHT FROM HISTORICAL SOURCES: THE CONTACT PERIOD, 1874-1899 ............... 10 FOUNDATION OF PORT MORESBY .................................................................................................... 10 THE EARLIER PERIOD OF INLAND CONTACT – THE MIDDLE AND UPPER GOLDIE ............................. 11 Morrison, Chalmers and the Varagadi – 1883, 1885 .................................................................... 11 Forbes and Chalmers’ encounters with the Bereka and Ebe – 1886 ............................................ 16 Forbes 2nd expedition – 1887 ........................................................................................................ 17 Attack on Laloki villages by the Ebe and Varagadi – 1893 ............................................................ 19 THE LATER PERIOD OF INLAND CONTACT – FROM UBERI TO HAGARI ............................................. 21 Uberi attacks ‘under the name of Ebé’ – 1897 ............................................................................. 21 Rochfort and the bird collectors – 1897 ....................................................................................... 22 MacGregor’s patrol to find a track over the Owen Stanley Range – 1897 ................................... 23 ‘MacGregor’s Mistake’ .................................................................................................................. 25 The Hagari ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Hagari attacks on Vanapa River villages – 1896 ............................................................................ 29 Government survey of 1899 and the Mount Service Camp .......................................................... 31 FOLLOW-UP WORK FROM FINDINGS IN THIS CHAPTER ................................................................... 37 ii KOKODA INITIATIVE PHASE 3 SUBCATCHMENT MAPPING IN WARD 18 – DRAFT REPORT CHAPTER 3 THE SUCCESSION OF CLANS TO THE PRESENT .................................................................. 39 THE PROBLEM ................................................................................................................................... 39 SMALL NAMES ................................................................................................................................... 40 Honiri ............................................................................................................................................. 40 Elologo ........................................................................................................................................... 41 Bohura ........................................................................................................................................... 43 Kauvi – ‘He settled on his mother’s land’...................................................................................... 45 Bereka ........................................................................................................................................... 47 The small names are ‘estate groups’ ............................................................................................ 47 Effect on security of tenure ........................................................................................................... 49 BIG NAMES, SUBCLANS, PLACES THAT HAVE MOVED ...................................................................... 49 Wamai ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Havoi ............................................................................................................................................. 51 Names that have moved: Efogi, ‘Agi’. ........................................................................................... 52 Names that have not moved: Ioribaiwa, Seragina ........................................................................ 53 FOLLOW-UP WORK FROM FINDINGS IN THIS CHAPTER ................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 4 FIELDWORK IN THE SUBCATCHMENT IN 2014 .................................................................. 55 PLACES VISITED ................................................................................................................................. 55 LOCAL TEAM ...................................................................................................................................... 56 METHODOLOGY DURING VILLAGE VISITS ......................................................................................... 57 Updates of genealogical charts ..................................................................................................... 57 Mapping and interviewing about landscape ................................................................................. 61 CURRENT SETTLEMENTS IN THE SUBCATCHMENT ........................................................................... 62 Naoro ............................................................................................................................................. 62 Naoro 1 – Village ........................................................................................................................... 64 Naoro 1 – Clans ............................................................................................................................. 66 Naoro 1 – ‘The people who are able to make decisions’ .............................................................. 66 Naoro 2 – Village ........................................................................................................................... 67 Naoro 2 – Clans ............................................................................................................................. 68 Naoro 2 – ‘The people who are able to make decisions’ .............................................................. 69 Agulogo ......................................................................................................................................... 70 Agulogo – clans ............................................................................................................................. 71 Agulogo – ‘The people who are able to make decisions’ .............................................................