Transnational Strategy for the Sustainable Territorial Development of the Danube Area with a Focus on Tourism DATOURWAY Pilot project 2 (HU-CRO-SRB) “Béda-Karapancsa” pilot project Background report The development of sustainable tourism in the Béda-Karapancsa area - Tourism development survey, strategy and action plan - October, 2011 Budapest – Pécs, Hungary Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. The background and the aims of the work............................................................................................ 4 2. THE UTILISATION OF TOURISM RESOURCES ............................................................................ 5 2.1. The preconditions of the utilisation of tourism resources.................................................................................5 2.1.1. The general features of the development environment of tourism..........................................................5 2.1.1.1. The identification of the environmental, social, economic, judicial and political situation of the area .....................................................................................................................................................................5 2.1.1.2. The identification of the tourism of the area in a macro regional context................................... 10 2.1.1.3. The planning-developmental environment of tourism.................................................................... 12 2.1.1.4. Tools and institutional system of tourism developments................................................................ 14 2.1.2. Social background.......................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2.1. Population............................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2.2. Employment ........................................................................................................................................... 21 2.1.2.3. Education................................................................................................................................................ 22 2.1.3. Natural and environmental factors............................................................................................................. 24 2.1.3.1. The natural and landscape features of the area................................................................................. 24 2.1.3.2. State of the environment ...................................................................................................................... 33 2.1.3.3. Heritage protection................................................................................................................................ 36 2.1.4. Infrastructure.................................................................................................................................................. 39 2.1.4.1. Accessibility relations ............................................................................................................................ 39 2.1.4.2. Transport................................................................................................................................................. 41 2.1.4.3. Life quality and settlemental public works services.......................................................................... 46 2.1.5. Spatial structure.............................................................................................................................................. 47 2.1.5.2. Settlement system .................................................................................................................................. 47 2.1.6. Economy......................................................................................................................................................... 52 2.1.6.1. Industry.................................................................................................................................................... 54 2.1.6.2. Agriculture, forestry, hunting............................................................................................................... 55 2.1.6.3. Services......................................................................................................................................................... 58 2.1.6.4. Infocommunicational services............................................................................................................. 59 3. EXPLORATION OF THE STATE OF TOURISM ........................................................................... 60 3.1. The supply of tourism .......................................................................................................................................... 60 3.1.1. Tourism attractions ....................................................................................................................................... 60 3.1.2. Tourism product supply............................................................................................................................... 73 3.1.2.1. Ecotourism.............................................................................................................................................. 74 2 3.1.2.2. Soft sport tourism.................................................................................................................................. 76 3.1.2.3. Health tourism........................................................................................................................................ 77 3.1.2.4. Cultural tourism ..................................................................................................................................... 78 3.1.2.5. Other tourism products ........................................................................................................................ 81 3.2. The conditions of guest catering......................................................................................................................... 83 3.2.1. Accommodations........................................................................................................................................... 83 3.2.2. Guest catering, commercial supply............................................................................................................. 86 3.2.3. Special tourism infrastructure, tools and equipments.............................................................................. 87 3.2.4. Settlement façade, public services............................................................................................................... 88 3.2.5. Human resources........................................................................................................................................... 89 3.2.6. Spatial and local tourism organisations and relations, connections....................................................... 90 3.2.7. Marketing ........................................................................................................................................................ 91 3.3. The demand of tourism........................................................................................................................................ 91 3.3.1. Guest flow ...................................................................................................................................................... 98 3.4. Target areas of tourism, local destinations........................................................................................................ 98 3.4.1. Tourism core areas (centre-periphery) ....................................................................................................... 99 3.5. Spatial actors, partnership, participants ............................................................................................................. 99 3.5.1. Identification of the regional participants who are concerned in participation (participant map). 100 3.5.2. Local governmental ideas........................................................................................................................... 101 3.5.3. Entrepreneur – civilian development ideas............................................................................................. 101 3.5.4. The hospitality of the local population and their approach to tourism.............................................. 102 3.6. Overall statements influencing the development of tourism....................................................................... 102 3.6.1. Landscape load, endangering factors and chargeability......................................................................... 103 3.6.2. Conflict areas................................................................................................................................................ 104 3.6.3. The conditions and possibilities of sustainable environment friendly tourism................................. 106 APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................................106 Appendix 1. Targeting habitats and species in Natura 2000 protected areas in