Volume 12, Issue 2 The Kapralova Society Journal Fall 2014 A Journal of Women in Music Eugenie Göring: A German Composer in Vermont during World War II by Alice Abraham In an old barn by the side of the road in prano and piano; and even a Christmas Windsor, Vermont, a box of manuscripts cantata. Also in the box was a stack of was found encrusted in pigeon droppings. early twentieth century published sheet In 2001, the property owners removed the music with Eugenie Göring’s practice barn but set aside the box of music when notations for piano and notations for they noticed the name Göring handwritten voice and violin made by Marion Horton, on some of the scores. At that time, Inter- a well-known feminist and Windsor, Ver- net searches and music library inquiries mont resident. yielded few answers about who Eugenie Eugenie seemed to have the curious Göring was and why she was living and habit of trimming down the well-worn composing in Vermont. margins of her sheet music, including an Was Eugenie related to Hermann engraved copy of Henselt’s Romance- Special points of interest: Göring, Hitler’s right-hand man, the Com- étude Si oiseau j’étais for two pianos mander of the German Luftwaffe and the with the name “Jennÿ Göring” embossed • Eugenie Göring architect of the concentration camps? Was on the snipped upper-right corner. Many • Kaprálová’s Waving farewell she a Nazi sympathizer, or did she come of the scores had an address stamp show- to America to escape Nazi rule? In any ing that Eugenie had lived in Munich on case, how did this German composer end Veterinaerstrasse. up in the small town of Windsor, Ver- From the contents of the box, we can mont? guess that she was especially fond of Investigating these questions led to Robert Schumann’s songs and piano more questions than answers. Didn’t works. Other composers that she appar- Americans notice this German woman ently studied in Germany were Johannes Inside this issue: named Göring living in their midst during Brahms, Herrmann Scholtz, Peter Corne- the Second World War? And if Eugenie lius, Sidney Homer, Edvard Grieg, and supported the Nazis, then why did she J.S. Bach; Eugenie had even arranged a Eugenie Göring / by Alice Abraham 1–6 associate with likely lesbians in Europe few pieces by Robert Franz. and the U.S.? Of special interest were several Letter to the Editors 7 While the battered box of music re- works by Eugenie with inscriptions that vealed little about those questions, it held give us insight about her friends, men- Kaprálová’s Waving farewell /by Cristina 8–9 Castaldi some answers about her work as a com- tors, and influences. A short lyrical piano poser and hints about her muses. Most of piece, Lied ohne Worte (Song Without CD Releases, Publications, 7 the manuscripts were sketches marked Words) in the Romantic style of Men- Announcements 10–12 “concept” and were written between 1876 delssohn, was dedicated “in friendship” and 1942. There were a few completed to her Vermont friend Marion Horton, short works written during the 1910–20s with “1921” added in pencil. Intrigu- for piano, violin and cello; songs for so- ingly, Eugenie Göring’s piece 10 Varia- The Kapralova Society Journal Page 2 Eugenie Göring tionen über ein Tema [sic] von Corelli (10 Variations on a Theme by Corelli), composed in 1926, was inscribed: “I brought the repetition of themes at the end per the request and encouragement of Eugenie Schumann.” (Fig. 2.) This note implies that at one time Eugenie Göring was a student of Eugenie Schumann, the youngest daughter of Robert and Clara Schumann, though no other documentation has been found to corroborate this. An undated piano piece labeled Amazonen Kampf (impromptu) was also marked “concept.” The title for this work, “Struggle of the Amazons,” and the spirit of the piece, Allegro con fuoco , do not seem to match (Fig. 3). The piece sounds more playful than combative. This manu- script was carefully trimmed down with rounded corners, indicating that Göring had handled it quite a bit. The major work in the box was Weihnachts-Spiel: aus dem bairischen [sic] Walde [sic](Christmas Play: in a Ba- varian Forest). This Christmas cantata was inscribed with the dedication “Ihrer Durchlaucht der Prinzessin Elisabeth von Hohenlohe verehrungs vollst zugeeignet” (“Dedicated in full worship to Her Highness Princess Elisabeth von Hohenlohe”). It was scored for children’s chorus, violin, cello, and organ. Although the Christmas cantata was per- formed nine times in Germany between 1905 and 1931, it is obvious that Eugenie continued to obsess about it for Fig. 1. Eugenie Göring decades. The folder for the “finished” score had numerous cross-outs, revisions in red pencil, a reordering of the four- tance themselves from the family’s Nazi past. 3 These teen sections, and many stains and rips. In pencil, Eugenie variations, along with the multiple marriages in the had written “1941” on the manuscript, suggesting the final Göring family tree, have made it difficult to track ex- revision had been made ten years after the piece’s most actly how Eugenie was related to Hermann. recent performance. Vital records in Windsor, Vermont and international Eugenie wrote several nicely-crafted pieces, but she records through ancestry.com show that Eugenie Marie was never regarded as a brilliant composer. Above all, peo- Göring was born on February 14, 1862 to Peter Göring ple are fascinated by the mystery of who she was and and Christine Hessel in St. Petersburg, Russia and died where she lived. Was she related to the well-known Nazi? on February 3, 1947 in East Hartford, Connecticut. The Indeed, Michael Kater described Eugenie Göring in his cremation certificate issued in Springfield, Massachu- Composers of the Nazi Era as “a relative of Hitler’s vas- setts states that her ashes were buried in Windsor, in sal,” referring to Hermann Göring. 1 The Göring connec- what is now the Ascutney Cemetery. tion, however, does not tell us where Eugenie’s sympathies Eugenie lived much of her adult life in Germany. may have lain. We know that Hermann Göring was respon- During the late 1920s, she either became acquainted sible for war crimes and for the deaths of millions. But with or studied with another Eugenie – the composer what’s in a name? In contrast to the vicious Hermann, his Eugenie Schumann, eleven years her senior and the younger brother Albert Göring saved hundreds of lives. 2 daughter of prominent composers and pianists Robert There are alternate spellings for Göring: Goering, Gor- and Clara Schumann. Göring must have been aware that ing, Gering, Gehring, Goehring. Some are phonetic varia- Eugenie Schumann’s life partner was the acclaimed tions, and some are for protection – relatives trying to dis- singer Marie Fillunger, since Schumann and Fillunger The Kapralova Society Journal Page 3 A German Composer in Vermont during World War II Fig. 2. Eugenie Göring, 10 Variationen über ein Tema von Corelli , 1926. The inscription translates: I brought the repetition of themes at the end per the request and encouragement of Eugenie Schumann. did not hide their relationship. Biographer Eva Rieger choose music as a profession. So far as I was compiled Schumann’s and Fillunger’s love letters, and she concerned, my own musical achievements have documented their fifty-six-year relationship during a tur- satisfied me so little that to me they have been a bulent era when many condemned their life together.4 lifelong martyrdom. 6 However, Schumann and Fillunger were not only accepted Though Eugenie Schumann wrote disparagingly of her- by Schumann’s family but lived together in Mama Clara’s self, she clearly encouraged Eugenie Göring to develop house, which Clara’s other daughter Marie managed, as her own talents. After all, inside that battered box from Clara was often away on long concert tours to support the the Vermont barn was the note by Göring crediting family. 5 In contrast, Eugenie Schumann wrote: Schumann for essential advice on her composition. Although none of us daughters had eminent musi- We know that in her older years, Eugenie Göring cal gifts, it was taken for granted that we would lived in Vermont with another woman who inspired her: The Kapralova Society Journal Page 4 Eugenie Göring Dr. Marion Horton. Who was Dr. Horton, and how did While Eugenie was probably a distant cousin to Eugenie eventually come to live with her in the small Hermann Göring, Scales’s memoirs erroneously stated town of Windsor in a house nicknamed “the Hut”? that Eugenie was married to Hermann Göring’s brother. Marion Horton was born in 1876 to Charles S. Horton There is no evidence that she married Hermann’s older and Melinda Robbins and later became the stepdaughter brother or any of his stepbrothers. To add to the confu- of William H. Fullerton. The Robbins family owned the sion, Eugenie provided different versions of her marital gun factory in Windsor, Vermont. Ivis Scales, the wife of status during her frequent transcontinental passages, yet the Windsor property caretaker, provided key information she always used the last name Goring or Goering and in her memoirs. Scales noted that “Marion grew up want- never supplied an alternate maiden name. ing to be a doctor. Her mother fought it all the way. She Between 1921 and 1939, Eugenie traveled twelve wanted her to be a lady and she didn’t think that was very times between Europe and New York. A cross-reference lady like.” 7 of ship manifests shows that Eugenie and Marion Horton Dr.