Republic of India Republic of India Data Collection Survey on Agriculture Sector in Northeast India Final Report May 2015 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ID Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. JR 15-003 Republic of India Republic of India Data Collection Survey on Agriculture Sector in Northeast India Final Report May 2015 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. BHUTAN MYANMAR BANGLADESH Legend State Capital North Eastern Main City Region Main Road Rail Line River Project Site Country Boarder Source: JICA Survey Team Location Map of Data Collection Survey on Agriculture Sector in Northern India Data Collection Survey on Agriculture Sector in Northeast India Meghalaya Bun Cultivation Area Irrigated Paddy Field surrounded by Hedge Row Soil Conservation Methods in Hilly Area with Heavy Rainfall (Jongksha Village, Mawkynrew Block, East Khasi Hills District) Onion Areca Nut Banana Bamboo Pineapple Timber Piggery Residential Area Cauliflower Mustard Paddy Pond & Aquaculture Integrated Farming System in Village Area (Puranggang Village, Nongpoh Block, Ri Bhoi District) Previous Potato Field New Potato Field Previous Potato Field Shifting Cultivation in Rocky Plateau Area (Umphrup Village, Mawryngkneng Block, East Khasi Hills District) Source: JICA Survey Team i Jhum Cultivation Area (Jaintia Hills District) Existing Paddy Field in Government Irrigation Scheme (Mawtneng Irrigation Project, Mawtneng Village, Umsning Block, Ri Bhoi District) Multi Purpose Reservoir (Mawtneng Village, Umsning Block, Ri Bhoi District) Source: JICA Survey Team ii Drainage Bora Bazaar (Shillong) Bun Cultivation (East Khasi Hills) Cow Dung Application for Fertiliser (East Khasi Hills) Backyard Piggery (East Khasi Hills) Farmers Organisation (Ri-Bhoi) Farm Pond (Ri-Bhoi) Source: JICA Survey Team iii Data Collection Survey on Agriculture Sector in Northeast India Nagaland Chathe Minor Irrigation Project (Dimapur) Dzuza Medium Irrigation Project (Dimapur) Rice Terraces at Khonoma Village (Kohima) Rice Terraces at Pholami Village (Phek) Alder-based Cultivation at Khonoma Village (Kohima) Alder-based Cultivation at Khonoma Village (Kohima) Source: JICA Survey Team iv Jhum (Phek) Soil Conservation Practice using Timbers (Mokokchung) Farm School on Integrated Farming System by ATMA and UNDP (Mokokchung) Banana Farm introduced Integrated Farming System (Wokha) Source: JICA Survey Team v Participatory Land Use Planning under Sustainable Land and Ecosystem Management (SLEM) in Shifting Cultivation Area of Nagaland (UNDP) (Mokokchung) Sticky Rice sold at a Grocery Store (Kohima) Backyard Piggery (Kohima) Pineapple Growers (Dimapur) A Border Line between Pineapple Field and Forest (Dimapur) Source: JICA Survey Team vi Paddy Field in Plane Area (Dimapur) Multi-purpose Reservoir (Phek) Mithun (Kohima) Orange Production (Mokokchung) SHG Members (Mokokchung) Quality Vegetables imported from Assam (Mokokchung) Source: JICA Survey Team vii Data Collection Survey on Agriculture Sector in Northeast India Tripura <Agriculture Production and Forestry> Paddy Production in Plain Area during Aush Season (Sipahijala) ICAR Model Farm (West Tripura) Piggery (West Tripura) Fishery (South Tripura) Rubber Plantation (South Tripura) Bamboo Plantation (West Tripura) Source: JICA Survey Team viii Typical Farm in Mountainous Areas inTripura (Dhalai) Illegal Tree Cutting at Patta Land (Dhalai) Tea Plantation (West Tripura) Flower Production near Agartala (West Tripura) Indo-German Development Cooperation (IGDC) Site (Dhalai) JICA Tripura Forest Environmental Improvement and Poverty Alleviation Project Site (Dhalai) Source: JICA Survey Team ix Tuberlet Production for Seed Potato (West Tripura) Pineapple Production at Patta Land (Dhalai) <Farmers' Organisation> Livelihood Enhancement Programme for SHG (West Tripura) Training Centre for Incense Stick Making supported by JICA (Dhalai) <Processing and Trading> Local Produces sold at Market (West Tripura) Eels sold at Market (Sipahijala) Source: JICA Survey Team x Border Haat between Tripura and Bangladesh (South Tripura) Potato Transaction at Assembling Market (Gomati) Tripra Industrial Park (West Tripura) Fresh Market at Agartala (West Tripura) <Farm Infrastructure> River Basin Forest Conservation Project (West Tripura) Source: JICA Survey Team xi Khowai Middle-sized Irrigation Project (Khowai) Small Pump Irrigation Project using (South Tripura) Deoga Cherra Reservoir Project (South Tripura) Source: JICA Survey Team xii Republic of India Data Collection Survey on Agriculture Sector in Northeast India Final Report Table of Contents Location Map Photographs Table of Contents Figures and Tables Abbrebiations Measurement Unit Currency Exchange Rate Page CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE SURVEY .......................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background of the Survey .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives and Scope of the Survey ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Survey Area ........................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Concerned Authorities and Departments .............................................................................. 1-2 1.5 Work Plan of the Survey ....................................................................................................... 1-2 CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF THE NORTH EASTERN REGION ....................................... 2-1 2.1 Development Policy and Plan for the North Eastern Region ................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 North Eastern Region Vision 2020 ................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 North Eastern Region Development in National 12th Five-Year Plan .......................... 2-2 2.2 Central Assistance to the North Eastern States ..................................................................... 2-3 2.2.1 Central Assistance for Expenditure Budget ................................................................... 2-3 2.2.2 Central Assistance for Receipts Budget ........................................................................ 2-4 2.2.3 Total and Per Capita Central Assistance in 2012-13 ..................................................... 2-4 2.2.4 Financial Soundness of the State Governments in 2011-12 .......................................... 2-5 2.3 Conditions of Agriculture and Irrigation ............................................................................... 2-6 2.3.1 Land Utilisation Pattern ................................................................................................ 2-6 2.3.2 Agriculture Land Holdings ............................................................................................ 2-6 2.3.3 Irrigation Coverage ....................................................................................................... 2-7 2.3.4 Shifting (Jhum) Cultivation ........................................................................................... 2-8 2.4 Conditions of Agriculture Marketing and Processing ........................................................... 2-9 2.4.1 Marketing of Agricultural Products ............................................................................... 2-9 2.4.2 Agro-processing .......................................................................................................... 2-14 2.5 Natural Condition in the North Eastern Region .................................................................. 2-16 2.6 Socio-economic Condition in the North Eastern Region .................................................... 2-16 CHAPTER 3 AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN MEGHALAYA .................................................. 3-1 3.1 State Agriculture Development Plan ..................................................................................... 3-1 i 3.1.1 Vision and Strategy ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Development Budget and Expenditure under the State 12th Five-Year Plan ................ 3-5 3.2 Social Institution and Local Governance .............................................................................. 3-5 3.2.1 Social Institution ........................................................................................................... 3-5 3.2.2 Local Governance ......................................................................................................... 3-6 3.3 Agricultural Resources .......................................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.1 Land............................................................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.2 Water ............................................................................................................................. 3-9 3.4 Agriculture Production .......................................................................................................... 3-9 3.4.1 Food Grain .................................................................................................................. 3-10 3.4.2 Horticulture ................................................................................................................. 3-11 3.4.3 Animal Husbandry .....................................................................................................