REPUBLIC OF GUINEA-BISSAU SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Bissau, 2014 1 INDEX List of acronyms and abbreviations………………………………………………………4 List of Tables and Figures ………………………………………………………………………6 Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................7 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 11 1 - UPDATING BIODIVERSITY STATUS, TRENDS, THREATS AND CONSEQUENCES FOR HUMAN WELL BEING ...................................................... 13 1.1. Importance of biological diversity and ecosystem services for Guinea-Bissau13 1.1.1. Level of productive sectors ............................................................. 13 1.1.1.1 (Agricultural, Fisheries, Forestry,Tourism) 1.1.2. Characterization of environmental goods and services in different ecosystems 25 1.1.2.1. (Forest ecosystems,savannahs,Coastal Zone, Mangroves and weeds; Marine Environment (channels, banks, silt) and insular; Wetlands and inland waters) 1.2. Status and trends of national biological diversity .............................................. 33 1.2.1. Status and trend of Ecosystems and Habitats .......................................... 33 (Status and trends of Terrestrial Ecosystems; Marine and Coastal Ecosystems) 1.2.2. Status and Trends of Biodiversity ........................................................... 37 (Fauna, Vegetation and Flora) 1.3. Main threats to biological diversity .................................................... 43 1.3.1. Key factors that cause loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services .......... 43 (Traditional agriculture and the expansion of cashew monoculture; Firewood and timber;Burnings; Extractive Industry; Anarchic occupation of spaces; Irrational exploitation of fishery resources; Main pressures on Protected Areas) 1.4. Impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services and cultural and socioeconomic consequences .................................................................................................... 46 II - NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS, IMPLEMENTATION AND THE MAINSTREAMING OF BIODIVERSITY ... 47 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................. 47 2 2.2. National Action Plan Update Process - Incorporation of new objectives and improving the effectiveness of BD mainstreaming ................................................. 48 2.3. Measures taken and results achieved in the implementation of the Convention after the Fourth Report .................................................................................... 48 2.3.1. Institutional Mechanisms ............................................................... 48 (Secretary of State for Environment; Unit for Evaluation of Environmental Impacts; Institute of Biodiversity and Protected Areas; Extractive Industry Working Group; RAMSAR National Committee) 2.3.2. Legal and Regulatory Framework .................................................... 54 (Environment Basic Law; Environmental Assessment Act and Social Impacts; Forestry Law; Framework Law on Protected Areas; General Fisheries Law; National Action Plan for the Conservation of Specific Species) 2.3.4. Sub-regional cooperation and International Conventions ..................... 64 2.4. Effectiveness of Mainstreaming Biological Diversity in Sector Strategies, Plans and Programs ...................................................................................................... 66 2.5. Implementation / Execution of Strategy and National Action Plan for Biological Diversity ....................................................................................................... 66 III - PROGRESS TOWARDS THE 2020 AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ........... 68 3.1. Country's progress in implementing the Strategic Plan 2011 - 2020 and Aichi biological diversity targets..............................................................................................68 3.2. Contribution of the measures implemented to achieve the 2015 targets of the Millennium Goals for Development .................................................................... 68 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................. 72 3 List of acronyms and abbreviations AA Environmental Evaluation AAB Associations and Bas groupings ABS Access and Just Benefit Sharing) AD Action for Development AGIR Support for Integrated Natural Resource Management AMP Marine Protected Area AMPC-Urok Community Marine Protected Area of Urok (Formosa, Nago and Chedeã) AMP-I Island Marine Protected Areas AP Protected Area BAD African Development Bank BCP Biodiversity Project Conservation BIOMAC Biodiversity Network of West Africa BM World Bank B.O. Official Bulletin BP Business Plan CAIA Unit for Evaluation of Environmental Impact CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBD-Habitat Spanish Foundation for Biodiversity Conservation and Habitat UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change CG Management Council CIPA Center for Applied Fisheries Research UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna CMS Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals COP Conference of the Parties DBT Dulombi-Boe-Tchétché DEA Directorate of Agricultural Statistics PRSP Country Strategy Paper on Poverty Reduction DGA Directorate General of Environment DGFF Directorate General of Forest and Fauna DGT Directorate General of Tourism EPAN Strategy and National Action Plan EPANBD Strategy and National Action Plan on Biodiversity FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FBG BioGuiné Foundation FIBA International Foundation of the Banc D'ARGUIN FISCAP Surveillance of Fisheries Activities GAECA Support Group for Environmental Education and Communication GEF Global Environment Facility GPC Office of Coastal Planning GTP / IE Working Group on Petroleum and Other Extractive Industries HIPIC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries IBAP Institute of Biodiversity and Protected Areas IBA Important Bird Area ICMM International Council on Mining and Metals ICOMOS The International Council on Monuments and Sites IDA International Development Association IICT Tropical Scientific Research Institute of Portugal 4 IIEDD Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development Initiative ILAP Small Poverty Assessment Survey IMPAC International Marine Protected Areas Congress INE National Institute of Statistics INEC National Institute of Statistics and Census INEP National Institute of Studies and Research ISPA University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences LA Environmental Licensing LQAP Framework Law of APs MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MERN Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources ODM Millennium Development Goals ODZH Organization for the Defense of Wetlands OMVG Organization for the Development of The Gambia River NGOs Non Governmental Organizations OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries NTFP Non-Timber Forest Products PG Management Plan PNB Boe National Park PNC Cantanhez National Park PND Dulombi National Park PNLC Natural Park of the Cufada Lagoons PNMJVP John Vieira and Poilão National Marine Park PNO Orango National Park PNTC Cacheu River Natural Park PoWPA Programme of Work on Protected Areas PRCM Regional Partnership for Coastal and Marine Conservation RABBB Bolama-Bijagós Archipelago Biosphere Reserve RAMPAO Network of Marine Protected Areas in West Africa RAR Early Warning Network RBABB Bolama-Bijagós Archipelago Biosphere Reserve REDD Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation RNAP National Network of Protected Areas SEAT State Secretariat for Environment and Tourism SEADD State Secretariat for Environment and Sustainable Development SNAP National System of Protected Areas TAB Gross Tonnage UCF Central Surveillance Unit IUCN World Conservation Union (International Union for Conservation of Nature) UNESCO United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization WAMER West African Marine Ecoregion WCMC World Conservation and Monitoring Centre WI Wetlands International WWF World Wide Fund for Nature EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone 5 List of Tables and Figures Tables Table 1: Real fisheries caught during the period 2005 - 2009 ...................................................................... 41 Table 2: Year, Activity and Environmental Compliance License duration period. ........................................ 52 Table 3: Request for Environmental Compliance for the different areas of intervention ........................... 53 Table 4: Evolution of the Main Social Indicators .......................................................................................... 69 Figures Figure 1: Distribution of agricultural holdings by Region ............................................................................. 13 Figure 2: Agricultural production (in tons) ................................................................................................... 16 Figure 3: Distribution of animals by regions ................................................................................................ 17 Figure 4 Herds of animals by Region ...........................................................................................................