City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2019 Afecto impropio y estética huacha: relatos íntimos de Alejandra Costamagna, Nona Fernández, Andrea Jeftanovic, Andrea Maturana y Lina Meruane Nan Zheng The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3052 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] AFECTO IMPROPIO Y ESTÉTICA HUACHA: RELATOS ÍNTIMOS DE ALEJANDRA COSTAMAGNA, NONA FERNÁNDEZ, ANDREA JEFTANOVIC, ANDREA MATURANA Y LINA MERUANE By NAN ZHENG A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Latin American, Iberian and Latino Cultures in partiaL fulfiLLment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of PhiLosophy, The City University of New York 2019 © 2019 NAN ZHENG ALL Rights Reserved ii Afecto impropio y estética huacha: reLatos íntimos de ALejandra Costamagna, Nona Fernández, Andrea Jeftanovic, Andrea Maturana y Lina Meruane by Nan Zheng This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Latin American, Iberian and Latino Cultures in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of PhiLosophy. Date MagdaLena Perkowska Chair of Examining Committee Date Fernando Degiovanni Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Fernando Degiovanni SiLvia Dapía THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Afecto impropio y estética huacha: reLatos íntimos de ALejandra Costamagna, Nona Fernández, Andrea Jeftanovic, Andrea Maturana y Lina Meruane by Nan Zheng Advisor: MagdaLena Perkowska This work examines seLective noveLs and short stories about ChiLe during and after Augusto Pinochet’s the miLitary regime, written by five contemporary femaLe writers that share generationaL traits: ALejandra Costamagna, Nona Fernández, Andrea Jeftanovic, Andrea Maturana and Lina Meruane. Their intimate stories on famiLy reLations that the common society brands as non-ideaL and deviant, epitomize the aesthetics defined as symbolicaLLy huacho. This is a term that originaLLy refers to the mestizo orphans or iLLegitimate chiLdren born during the European conquest and colonization, but appropriated by the author of this work to address the prevaiLing discontent and maLaise that contradict with the promises of individuaL happiness as weLL as colLective consensus forged under patriarchy and patriotism. The representation of this malaise that transcends the boundary between the private and public dimensions in the ChiLean society is materiaLized by the five femaLe writers through the cultivation of undesirable affects that defy the normative distribution of the sensible reinforced by the authoritarian ideology, the conservative famiLy and moraL vaLues as weLL as the neoliberaL rationaLity. Their aesthetics of symbolic huacharaje is embedded in the dissenting forms of their fiction whose Languages are inspired by, among others, theatricaL expressions and Neo-Baroque experimentations. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my most sincere gratitude and appreciation towards my advisor, Professor MagdaLena Perkowska, whom I have always looked up to in the past and will do in the future, not only for your invaLuable guidance and professionaL expertise, but aLso for the exhibition of highest leveL of academic integrity and ethics. During my last years at LAILAC, I have aLways feLt honored to have you as my mentor, and grateful for your remarkable patience and wholehearted support. You are truly an inspiration to many young femaLe researchers like me Like myseLf, who, despite huge personaL and professionaL struggles that we go through, wiLL never give up our passions and dreams. Beside my advisor, I would like to thank Professor SiLvia Dapía and Professor Fernando Degiovanni on my dissertation committee, for your compassionate and wise guidance in your cLasses, and for your insightful comments and suggestions on my work, which I consider cruciaL regarding my future projects as continuation and expansion of the current research. My speciaL thanks are given to my famiLy and friends. Thank you, Fang: you have never stopped beLieving in me. This work could not have been finished without you supporting me emotionaLLy and financiaLLy, without your unconditionaL love. v Para mi abueLo Pye Sun Chow (1926-1971), a quien nunca tuve la ocasión de conocer en persona, pero siempre ha estado presente en eL legado residuaL de su escritura, diarios, archivos. ALguien que, incLuso en Los tiempos de Los peores maLes, nunca dejó de dedicarse a las letras, y que me hizo apreciar su significación en mi vida. vi ÍNDICE Introducción .................................................................................................................................. 1 Capítulo I La generación huacha y su lugar en la literatura chilena actual ......................... 11 1.1. Generaciones literarias en la literatura chiLena de la dictadura y la posdictadura .............. 11 1.1.1. Un recorrido por las generaciones literarias chiLenas desde los 50s ........................... 12 1.1.2. La Generación de la Nueva Narrativa y sus taLLeres literarios .................................... 16 1.2. Los huachos: ¿una generación nueva? ............................................................................... 19 1.2.1. EL abordaje de los huérfanos en la literatura chiLena contemporánea ......................... 19 1.3.2. Los “huachos” en comparación con “Los hijos” .......................................................... 23 1.2.3. ¿Una generación nueva de escritoras? ......................................................................... 30 Capítulo II Pivote teórico: biopoder, afecto y redistribución de lo sensible .......................... 35 2.1. Nación, mercado, famiLia: tres ideologemas hegemónicos en eL ChiLe de la dictadura y la posdictadura .............................................................................................................................. 36 2.1.1. Patria, virgen, huachos: la metáfora nación-famiLia .................................................... 36 2.1.2. EL mercado libre sin libertad: la metáfora nación-mercado ......................................... 40 2.1.3. EL ideologema de la famiLia como cómplice ............................................................... 46 2.2. EL afecto y su puissance antiLineaL y antiedípica ................................................................ 51 2.3. La política de la intimidad y su potenciaL emancipador ..................................................... 62 2.3.1. De la mirada subjetiva a la mirada íntima ................................................................... 62 2.3.2. EL potenciaL emancipador de la estética huacha .......................................................... 67 vii Capítulo III El malestar: ciudad y familia ............................................................................... 73 3.1. La necrópolis paLimpséstica y eL maLestar privado ............................................................. 74 3.1.1. Av. 10 de julio Huamachuco de Nona Fernández: la ciudad ucrónica y la necrópolis paLimpséstica ......................................................................................................................... 78 3.1.2. Escenario de guerra de Andrea Jeftanovic: la invasión de las memorias sobre crímenes hediondos ............................................................................................................... 84 3.1.3. Cercada de Lina Meruane: la vigiLancia patriarcaL y los huachos atrapados en la jaula ............................................................................................................................................... 89 3.2. EL padre dictador, la madre virgen y los huachos incestuosos ........................................... 94 3.2.1. El daño de Andrea Maturana: eL trauma deL incesto y la “maLdita memoria” ............. 98 3.2.2. No aceptes caramelos de extraños de Andrea Jeftanovic: los deseos incestuosos contra eL tabú ....................................................................................................................... 106 3.2.3. Mapocho de Nona Fernández: los huachos incestuosos contra la vigiLancia ............ 111 Capítulo IV La política de afecto e intimidad ........................................................................ 119 4.1. ¿Para qué sirven los afectos impropios y abyectos? ........................................................ 119 4.1.1. “Hojas de afeitar” y “Ay” de Lina Meruane: reLatos de cuerpos abyectos ............... 122 4.1.2. “Doble Antonia” y “Verde en eL borde” de Andrea Maturana: los affect aliens y sus deseos pecaminosos ............................................................................................................. 129 4.2. La vergüenza incómoda y la intimidad transgresora ........................................................ 135 4.2.1. “Nadie nunca se acostumbra” y “Había una vez un pájaro” de ALejandra Costamagna: La vergüenza y su puissance transgresora ............................................................................ 138 4.2.2. Space Invaders de Nona Fernández: sueños como recuerdos, juegos como bataLLas 147 viii Capítulo V La estética huacha y su política emancipadora .................................................