Entomofauna 39/2 Heft 01: 337-527 Ansfelden, 31. August 2018 Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae OPITZ (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part X. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Pelonium SPINOLA Weston OPITZ Abstract The genus Pelonium SPINOLA is revised collectively for the first time. Fifty-seven new species are described: P. abacum, P. abruptum, P. adunatum, P. anteguttatum, P. atrahumeratum, P. atraliculum, P. bibullum, P. biliturum, P. buenavista, P. caborojo, P. caraguata, P. careoritum, P. caudiculum, P. cavei, P. caymanensis, P. circum, P. condylum, P. cribellum, P. dapsilum, P. denotatum, P. disjunctum, P. divericoatum, P. divisum, P. effusum, P. fissilum, P. fucogonium, P. fuscum, P. gigantum, P. granosum, P. inagua, P. infusum, P. latusculum, P. lablanci, P. leukotaxium, P. litum, P. lustroatum, P. maculoangulum, P. megaclerus, P. morrisi, P. nictuatum, P. ocellatum, P. plicatum, P. popliteum, P. rallum, P. regina. P. rico, P. revimentum, P. russulentum, P. spinulum, P. stolonum, P. taino, P. turnbowi, P. ustulatum, P. venabulum, P. wappesi, P. woodruffi, and P. xanthorum. Previously described species include: P. aliciae BARR, P. alcicorne (KLUG), P. amabile SPINOLA, P. axinoides (WOLCOTT), P. badeni GORHAM, P. bipunctatum GORHAM, P. buqueti SPINOLA, P. cyanicollis (PERACCHI), P. disconotatum PIC, P. erymanthoides SCHENKLING, P. fasciculatum (KLUG), P. fugax (KLUG), P. geniculatum (KLUG), P. inaequalicolle SCHENKLING, P. junctum PIC, P. lampyroides SPINOLA, P. leucophaeum (KLUG), P. lituratum (KIRBY), P. lividum ERICHSON, P. longfieldae BLAIR, P. luridum GORHAM, P. maculicolle SCHAEFFER, P. metalloideum SPINOLA, P. niveum (CHEVROLAT), P. nigroclavatum CHEVROLAT, P. nigrosignatum PIC, P. notabile GORHAM, P. optabile GORHAM, P. peninsulare (SCHAEFFER), P. percumptum GORHAM, P. photinoides (CHEVROLAT), P. piciventre CHEVROLAT, P. placidum SCHENKLING, P. posticum (KLUG), P. quadriplagiatum KUWERT, P. ramosum SCHENKLING, P. riveti LESNE, P. rossi SCHENKLING, P. scapulare BARR, P. schenklingi GORHAM, P. semirufum GORHAM, P. scoparium (KLUG), P. spectabile (PERACCHI), P. spinolai (CHAPIN), P. suturale SPINOLA, P. tricinctum (PERACCHI), P. viridipenne (KIRBY), and P. zellibori (PERACCHI). Lectotype designation for non-synonymic species names involve: P. badeni GORHAM, P. bipunctatum GORHAM, P. disconotatum PIC, P. eurymanthoides SCHENKLING, P. fasciculatum (KLUG), P. fugax (KLUG), P. inaequalicolle SCHENKLING, P. junctum PIC, P. lituratum (KIRBY), P. luridum GORHAM, P. nigroclavatum CHEVROLAT, P. niveum (CHEVROLAT), P. notabile GORHAM, P. optabile GORHAM, P. photinoides (CHEVROLAT), 337 P. piciventre CHEVROLAT, P. placidum SCHENKLING, P. ramosum SCHENKLING, P. riveti LESNE, P. schenklingi GORHAM, P. semirufum GORHAM, and Enoplium viridipenne (KIRBY). Lectotype designation for junior synonyms involve: Enoplium auripenne HOPE, Enoplium fulvicornis LUCAS, Pelonium atronotatum PIC, Pelonium corporaali PIC, Pelonium lateapicale PIC, Pelonium praeustum SPINOLA, Pelonium multinotatum PIC, Pelonium separatum PIC, Pelonium tarsale SCHENKLING, and Pelonium unipunctatum PIC. Morphological evidence and information from collection labels suggest that these beetles are predators of wood-infesting insects. Some show bark-like cryptic coloration and a body form that implies involvement in Batesian mimicry with Lampyridae. Pelonium species are thought to have originated from South American ancestors that eventually generated 15 lines of evolution as indicated via a computer generated phylogeny. This treatise includes a morphological analysis, review of natural history, key to species, discussion of species-group evolution, 199 line drawings, 8 electron micrographs, 8 Auto Montage morphological illustrations, 89 figures of male terminalia, 18 distribution maps, and 105 habitus photographs. K e y w o r d s : Checkered beetles, evolution, systematics, phylogeny, natural history, key to species. Zusammenfassung Die Gattung Pelonium SPINOLA wird erstmalig komplett revidiert. 75 neue Arten werden beschrieben: P. abacum, P. abruptum, P. adunatum, P. anteguttatum, P. atrahumeratum, P. atraliculum, P. bibullum, P. biliturum, P. buenavista, P. caborojo, P. caraguata, P. careoitum, P. caudiculum, P. cavei, P. caymanensis, P. circum, P. condylum, P. cribellum, P. dapsilum, P. denotatum, P. disjunctum, P. divericoatum, P. divisum, P. effusum, P. fissilum, P. fucogonium, P. fuscum, P. gigantum, P. granosum, P. inagua, P. infusum, P. latusculum, P. lablanci, P. leukotaxium, P. litum, P. lustroatum, P. maculoangulum, P. megaclerus, P. morrisi, P. nictuatum, P. ocellatum, P. plicatum, P. popliteum, P. rallum, P. regina, P. rico, P. revimentum, P. russulentum, P. spinulum, P. stolonum, P. taino, P. turnbowi, P. ustulatum, P. venabulum, P. wappesi, P. woodruffi, und P. xanthorum. Früher beschriebene Arten: P. aliciae BARR, P. alcicorne (KLUG), P. amabile SPINOLA, P. axinoides (WOLCOTT), P. badeni GORHAM, P. bipunctatum GORHAM, P. buqueti SPINOLA, P. cyanicollis (PERACCHI), P. disconotatum PIC, P. erymanthoides SCHENKLING, P. fasciculatum (KLUG), P. fugax (KLUG), P. geniculatum (KLUG), P. inaequalicolle SCHENKLING, P. junctum PIC, P. lampyroides SPINOLA, P. leucophaeum (KLUG), P. lituratum (KIRBY), P. lividum (ERICHSON), P. longfieldae BLAIR, P. luridum GORHAM, P. maculicolle SCHAEFFER, P. metalloideum SPINOLA, P. niveum (CHEVROLAT), P. nigroclavatum CHEVROLAT, P. nigrosignatum PIC, P. notabile GORHAM, P. optabile GORHAM, P. peninsulare (SCHAEFFER), P. percumptum GORHAM, P. photinoides (CHEVROLAT), P. piciventre CHEVROLAT, P. placidum SCHENKLING, P. posticum (KLUG), P. quadriplagiatum KUWERT, P. ramosum SCHENKLING, P. riveti LESNE, P. rossi SCHENKLING, P. scapulare BARR, P. schenklingi GORHAM, P. semirufum GORHAM, P. scoparium (KLUG), P. spectabile (PERACCHI), P. spinolai (CHAPIN), P. suturale SPINOLA, P. tricinctum (PERACCHI), P. viridipenne (KIRBY), und P. zellibori (PERACCHI). 338 Für folgende Arten werden Lectotypen designiert: P. badeni GORHAM, P. bipunctatum GORHAM, P. disconotatum PIC, P. erymanthoides SCHENKLING, P. fasciculatum (KLUG), P. fugax (KLUG), P. inaequalicolle SCHENKLING, P. junctum PIC, P. lituratum (KIRBY), P. luridum GORHAM, P. nigroclavatum CHEVROLAT, P. niveum (CHEVROLAT), P. notabile GORHAM, P. optabile GORHAM, P. photinoides (CHEVROLAT), P. piciventre CHEVROLAT, P. placidum SCHENKLING, P. ramosum SCHENKLING, P. riveti LESNE, P. schenklingi GORHAM, P. semirufum GORHAM, und Enoplium viridipenne (KIRBY). Lectotype-Designation für Juniorsynonyme: Opilus auripennis HOPE, Enoplium fulvicornis LUCAS, Pelonium atronotatum PIC, Pelonium corporaali PIC, Pelonium lateapicale PIC, Pelonium praeustum SPINOLA, Pelonium multinotatum PIC, Pelonium separatum PIC, Pelonium tarsale SCHENKLING, und Pelonium unipunctatum PIC. Morphologische Belege sowie die Informationen der Fundortetiketten weisen darauf hin, dass die Käfer Räuber holzbewohnender Insekten sind. Einige zeigen eine borkenähnliche, kryptische Färbung und eine Körperform, die auf Bates'sches Mimikry mit Lampyridae hindeutet. Man kann davon ausgehen, dass Pelonium-Arten sich aus südamerikanischen Vorfahren entwickelt und möglicherweise 15 evolutive Linien hervorgebracht haben, wie anhand der computer-basierten Phylogenie angedeutet wird. Diese Bearbeitung beinhaltet eine morphologische Analyse, eine Übersicht zur Natur- geschichte, einen Bestimmungsschlüssel der Arten, eine Diskussion zur Evolution der Artengruppen, 199 Zeichnungen, 8 elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen, 8 morpholo- gische Automontage-Illustrationen, 89 Abbildungen männlicher Geschlechtsorgane, 18 Verbreitungskarten und 105 Habitusfotos. Resume Se revisa por primera vez el género Pelonium SPINOLA. Cincuenta y siete especies nuevas se describen: P. abacum, P. abruptum, P. adunatum, P. anteguttatum, P. atrahumeratum, P. atraliculum, P. bibullum, P. biliturum, P. buenavista, P. caborojo. P. caraguata, P. careoitum, P. caudiculum, P. cavei, P. caymanensis, P. circum, P. condylum, P. cribellum, P. dapsilum, P. denotatum, P. disjunctum, P. divericoatum, P. divisum, P. effusum, P. fissilum, P. fucogonium, P. fuscum, P. gigantum, P. granosum, P. inagua, P. infusum, P. latusculum, P. lablanci, P. leukotaxium, P. litum, P. lustroatum, P. maculoangulum, P. megaclerus, P. morrisi, P. nictuatum, P. ocellatum, P. plicatum, P. popliteum, P. rallum, P. regina. P. rico, P. revimentum, P. russulentum, P. spinulum, P. stolonum, P. taino, P. turnbowi, P. ustulatum, P. venabulum, P. wappesi, P. woodruffi, y P. xanthorum. Las especies anteriormente descritas son: P. aliciae BARR, P. alcicorne (KLUG), P. amabile SPİNOLA, P. axinoides (WOLCOTT), P. badeni GORHAM, P. bipunctatum GORHAM, P. buqueti SPİNOLA, P. cyanicollis (PERACCHİ), P. disconotatum PİC, P. erymanthoides SCHENKLİNG, P. fasciculatum (KLUG), P. fugax (KLUG), P. geniculatum (KLUG), P. inaequalicolle SCHENKLİNG, P. junctum PİC, P. lampyroides SPİNOLA, P. leucophaeum (KLUG), P. lituratum (KİRBY), P. lividum (ERİCHSON), P. longfieldae BLAİR, P. luridum GORHAM, P. maculicolle SCHAEFFER, P. metalloideum SPİNOLA, P. niveum (CHEVROLAT), P. nigroclavatum CHEVROLAT, P. nigrosignatum PİC, P. notabile GORHAM, P. optabile GORHAM, P. peninsulare (SCHAEFFER), P. percumptum GORHAM, P. photinoides (CHEVROLAT), P. piciventre CHEVROLAT, P. placidum SCHENKLİNG, P. posticum (KLUG), 339 P. quadriplagiatum KUWERT, P. ramosum SCHENKLİNG, P. riveti LESNE, P. rossi SCHENKLİNG, P. scapulare BARR, P. schenklingi GORHAM, P. semirufum GORHAM, P. scoparium (KLUG),